
Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market Insights, Size, and Forecast By Harvesting Method (Wild Harvesting, Aquaculture), By Type (Red Seaweed, Green Seaweed, Brown Seaweed), By End Use (Human Consumption, Industrial Applications, Nutraceuticals), By Application (Food, Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, Animal Feed, Biofuels), By Form (Dry, Liquid, Extract), By Region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa), Key Companies, Competitive Analysis, Trends, and Projections for 2026-2035
Key Market Insights
Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market is projected to grow from USD 24.8 Billion in 2025 to USD 51.3 Billion by 2035, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 6.8% from 2026 through 2035. This robust growth underscores the increasing global recognition of seaweed as a versatile and sustainable resource. The market encompasses the cultivation of various macroalgae species in marine or brackish water environments, primarily for human consumption, animal feed, biofertilizers, cosmetics, and industrial applications. Key drivers propelling this market include a surging demand for plant based protein sources and functional foods, the growing adoption of seaweed in aquaculture feeds as a sustainable alternative, and expanding applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to its rich nutrient profile and bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the imperative for sustainable agricultural practices and the increasing focus on blue economy initiatives are significantly contributing to market expansion, as seaweed cultivation offers environmental benefits such as carbon sequestration and nutrient remediation. However, the market faces restraints such as the lack of standardized regulatory frameworks in nascent markets, the susceptibility of seaweed farms to environmental factors like ocean acidification and disease outbreaks, and the initial capital investment required for large scale operations.
Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market Value (USD Billion) Analysis, 2025-2035

2025 - 2035
www.makdatainsights.com
Important trends shaping the global seaweed aquaculture market include technological advancements in cultivation techniques, such as the development of offshore integrated multi trophic aquaculture systems, which enhance efficiency and mitigate environmental risks. There is also a notable trend towards product diversification, with companies exploring novel applications in bioplastics, biofuels, and nutraceuticals. The market is witnessing increasing investment in research and development to optimize strains for higher yields and improved nutritional profiles. Significant opportunities lie in the expansion of seaweed cultivation into new geographical regions, particularly in areas with supportive government policies and suitable coastal conditions. The rising consumer awareness regarding the health benefits of seaweed and its environmental advantages presents a lucrative avenue for market penetration and product innovation. Furthermore, collaborations between academic institutions, industry players, and governmental bodies are fostering innovation and facilitating market growth by addressing technical and regulatory challenges.
Asia Pacific remains the dominant region in the global seaweed aquaculture market, driven by its deeply entrenched cultural consumption of seaweed, extensive coastlines, and well established aquaculture infrastructure. This region benefits from decades of expertise in seaweed farming, supporting a large scale production ecosystem that caters to both domestic and international demand. Conversely, North America is emerging as the fastest growing region, propelled by increasing consumer interest in healthy and sustainable food options, growing investment in novel food ingredients, and a burgeoning demand for seaweed derived products in the cosmetics and nutraceutical sectors. Key players in this dynamic market include Dumoulin, TOMORROW, Acadian Seaplants, Algea2, Kanegrade, Pacific Seaweed, Devegetal, Yasui Trading, Seakura, and Maine Coast Sea Vegetables. These companies are employing various strategic initiatives such as product innovation, geographical expansion, mergers and acquisitions, and partnerships to strengthen their market position and capitalize on emerging opportunities, particularly in the rapidly expanding food segment which holds the largest share of the market.
Quick Stats
Market Size (2025):
USD 24.8 BillionProjected Market Size (2035):
USD 51.3 BillionLeading Segment:
Food (55.2% Share)Dominant Region (2025):
Asia Pacific (85.2% Share)CAGR (2026-2035):
6.8%
What is Seaweed Aquaculture?
Seaweed aquaculture is the farming of marine algae for various applications. It involves cultivating specific seaweed species in controlled ocean environments, often using ropes or nets. This practice ranges from small scale artisanal harvesting to large scale industrial production. The harvested seaweed serves diverse purposes including food for human consumption, animal feed, fertilizers, bioplastics, and biofuels. It also plays an ecological role in carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling, contributing to ocean health. This sustainable cultivation method provides economic opportunities while offering environmentally friendly products and ecosystem services.
What are the Trends in Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market
Seaweed Biofuel Innovations
Regenerative Ocean Farming Expansion
Functional Food Ingredient Diversification
Carbon Capture Solutions Adoption
Seaweed Biofuel Innovations
Seaweed biofuel innovations are a significant trend. Researchers are developing efficient ways to convert seaweed biomass into renewable energy sources like bioethanol and biodiesel. This reduces reliance on fossil fuels and offers a sustainable, carbon neutral alternative. New processing technologies and genetic advancements in seaweed strains are key to making biofuel production economically viable and scalable globally.
Regenerative Ocean Farming Expansion
Regenerative ocean farming is expanding, driven by seaweed’s capacity to absorb carbon and mitigate ocean acidification. This multi species approach integrates seaweed with shellfish or finfish, creating self sustaining ecosystems that improve water quality and enhance biodiversity. Farmers are adopting these methods for environmental benefits and the production of diverse, high value products for food, feed, and biostimulants. This expansion reflects a growing demand for sustainable aquaculture practices and climate friendly food systems.
Functional Food Ingredient Diversification
Seaweed aquaculture is expanding beyond traditional uses. Producers are now extracting a wider array of functional ingredients like specific proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, and antioxidants. This diversification caters to growing demands from the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries for novel, health promoting components. It enhances the economic value and market potential of cultivated seaweed, moving beyond bulk ingredient applications.
Carbon Capture Solutions Adoption
Seaweed farms increasingly integrate carbon capture technologies to enhance sustainability. Growing awareness of oceans' role in climate change drives demand for solutions that remove atmospheric carbon. Regulatory pressures and consumer preferences for eco friendly seafood further accelerate the adoption of these innovative capture methods within aquaculture, making operations greener and more marketable.
What are the Key Drivers Shaping the Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market
Rising Demand for Sustainable and Nutritious Food Sources
Expanding Applications in Food, Feed, and Bioproduct Industries
Technological Advancements in Cultivation and Processing
Supportive Government Policies and Investment in Aquaculture
Rising Demand for Sustainable and Nutritious Food Sources
Increasing consumer awareness regarding healthy eating and environmental impact drives the search for eco friendly, nutrient rich food. Seaweed, a sustainable source of protein, vitamins, and minerals, fulfills this need. Its cultivation requires minimal land and freshwater, aligning with growing preferences for plant based diets and reduced ecological footprints, boosting market expansion significantly.
Expanding Applications in Food, Feed, and Bioproduct Industries
Expanding applications drive seaweed market growth by integrating it into diverse food products, animal feed, and sustainable bioproducts like fertilizers and bioplastics. This broad utilization across various industries increases demand for seaweed.
Technological Advancements in Cultivation and Processing
Innovations in cultivation techniques like multi trophic aquaculture and selective breeding enhance seaweed yield and quality. Processing advancements such as improved drying, extraction, and biorefinery methods create diverse, high-value products. These technological leaps boost efficiency, reduce costs, and broaden applications for seaweed across various industries, fueling market expansion significantly.
Supportive Government Policies and Investment in Aquaculture
Governments recognizing seaweed's potential implement favorable policies. These include grants, subsidies, and research funding for sustainable farming practices, processing, and market development. Investment in infrastructure and regulatory frameworks further stimulates growth, attracting private capital and fostering innovation across the aquaculture value chain. This support is crucial for expanding production and ensuring market stability.
Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market Restraints
Lack of Standardized Regulations and Certification for Seaweed Products
The absence of universal standards for seaweed product quality and safety hinders market expansion. This lack creates uncertainty for consumers and makes international trade difficult. Without consistent certification across regions, producers struggle to demonstrate product legitimacy, limiting market access and suppressing demand. This fragmented regulatory landscape impedes industry growth and global market penetration.
High Initial Capital Investment and Limited Access to Funding for New Entrants
New players in the global seaweed aquaculture market face a substantial hurdle due to the significant initial capital required for infrastructure, farming equipment, and operational expenses. Furthermore, securing adequate financing is challenging for new entrants. Established financial institutions often favor established businesses with proven track records, limiting funding options for startups. This dual barrier of high upfront costs and restricted access to capital creates a significant competitive disadvantage, impeding the entry and growth of new businesses in the industry.
Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market Opportunities
Innovating Functional Foods & Health Supplements from Sustainably Farmed Seaweed
Sustainably farmed seaweed offers a significant opportunity for innovating functional foods and health supplements. Its abundance of beneficial compounds allows for creating novel products targeting rising consumer demand for natural, plant-based health solutions. This capitalizes on seaweed's inherent nutritional value for immunity, gut health, and overall wellness. Sustainable sourcing aligns with ethical preferences, driving market expansion. Developing high value seaweed derived products captures increasing health conscious demand, fostering growth and differentiation within the global aquaculture sector.
Developing Seaweed as a Circular Economy Feedstock for Bio-materials & Carbon Removal
Developing seaweed offers a prime opportunity as a circular economy feedstock. Its cultivation effectively sequesters atmospheric carbon, aiding global carbon removal initiatives. This versatile marine resource transforms into innovative bio-materials, replacing fossil based products across industries. This fosters sustainable production, reduces waste, and minimizes environmental impact. The global seaweed aquaculture market can leverage this for significant green economic growth. It enables climate change mitigation while generating valuable, eco friendly products, positioning industries for a sustainable future.
Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market Segmentation Analysis
Key Market Segments
By Application
- •Food
- •Pharmaceuticals
- •Cosmetics
- •Animal Feed
- •Biofuels
By Type
- •Red Seaweed
- •Green Seaweed
- •Brown Seaweed
By Harvesting Method
- •Wild Harvesting
- •Aquaculture
By Form
- •Dry
- •Liquid
- •Extract
By End Use
- •Human Consumption
- •Industrial Applications
- •Nutraceuticals
Segment Share By Application
Share, By Application, 2025 (%)
- Food
- Pharmaceuticals
- Cosmetics
- Animal Feed
- Biofuels

www.makdatainsights.com
Why is the Food application segment dominating the Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market?
The Food application segment commands a substantial majority of the market due to the widespread integration of seaweed into various global cuisines, particularly in Asia. High consumer awareness of its nutritional benefits, including vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, drives its demand as a healthy ingredient in salads, soups, sushi, and snacks. Furthermore, the rising popularity of plant-based diets and the umami flavor profile of seaweed also contribute significantly to its leading position.
How do different seaweed types influence market dynamics and end use?
The market is dynamically shaped by the specific characteristics and applications of Red, Green, and Brown seaweed types. Red seaweed, for instance, is highly valued for its carrageenan content used as a gelling and thickening agent in food and pharmaceuticals, while also being consumed directly. Brown seaweed is recognized for its alginates and fucoidan, finding applications in industrial thickening, nutraceuticals, and skincare. Green seaweed, though a smaller segment, is appreciated for its nutritional value in direct human consumption and animal feed, reflecting diverse utility across the types.
What role do harvesting methods and forms play in market accessibility and processing?
Aquaculture has become the predominant harvesting method, significantly surpassing wild harvesting in ensuring a consistent, controlled, and sustainable supply of seaweed for commercial applications. This shift enables large scale production necessary to meet growing demand across various end uses. Furthermore, the market is supplied in diverse forms such as dry, liquid, and extract, catering to specific industrial and consumer needs. Extracts, in particular, are gaining traction for high value applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals due to their concentrated beneficial compounds.
What Regulatory and Policy Factors Shape the Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market
Global seaweed aquaculture faces a fragmented regulatory landscape. Permitting and licensing processes differ significantly across nations, impacting market entry and operational scalability. Environmental regulations are evolving, focusing on biodiversity protection, water quality, and preventing invasive species, often requiring detailed impact assessments. Food safety and quality standards for human consumption and animal feed remain paramount, with diverse rules regarding contaminants, heavy metals, and processing. Many governments are developing supportive policies, including research funding, sustainability guidelines, and national aquaculture strategies, recognizing seaweed's economic and ecological potential. However, inconsistent international harmonization complicates cross border trade and investment, necessitating careful navigation of diverse national frameworks.
What New Technologies are Shaping Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market?
Automated monitoring and harvesting systems are revolutionizing efficiency in global seaweed aquaculture. AI driven analytics optimize growth conditions, disease detection, and yield prediction, enhancing productivity significantly. Advanced genetic selection and selective breeding programs are developing faster growing, more resilient strains with higher valuable compound content. Integrated multi trophic aquaculture IMTA is gaining traction, promoting ecological balance. Biorefinery innovations extract diverse high value products from seaweed biomass, expanding market applications from food and feed to bioplastics, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. Remote sensing and drone technology improve site selection and large scale farm management. These advancements underpin robust market expansion, meeting rising demand for sustainable marine resources.
Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market Regional Analysis
Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market
Trends, by Region

Asia-Pacific Market
Revenue Share, 2025
www.makdatainsights.com
North America, while a nascent market, is rapidly emerging in the global seaweed aquaculture landscape, projected as the fastest-growing region with an impressive 11.2% CAGR. This growth is driven by increasing demand for plant-based protein, growing consumer awareness regarding seaweed's health benefits, and the development of innovative aquaculture technologies. Furthermore, supportive government initiatives and substantial investments in research and development are accelerating market expansion. Key players are focusing on sustainable practices and diversifying product portfolios, including food, feed, and bioproducts. This regional dynamism positions North America as a significant future contributor to the global seaweed aquaculture market.
Europe’s seaweed aquaculture market, though smaller than Asia’s, is a rapidly emerging force. Primarily driven by high-value applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and specialized food products, demand for European-sourced seaweeds is escalating. France, Ireland, and Norway are leading in cultivation innovation and commercialization, focusing on species like sugar kelp and dulse. Environmental sustainability, premium quality, and traceability are key selling points for European producers. Policy support for research and development, coupled with increasing consumer awareness about the health and environmental benefits of seaweed, fuels expansion. Challenges include scaling production efficiently and navigating regulatory landscapes.
The Asia Pacific region dominates the global seaweed aquaculture market, holding a substantial 85.2% share. This leadership is driven by extensive coastlines, favorable climatic conditions, and well-established traditional practices across key nations like China, Indonesia, South Korea, and the Philippines. The region benefits from high domestic consumption and significant export volumes, particularly for food, carrageenan, and agar production. Government support, technological advancements in farming techniques, and increasing demand from the food and phycocolloid industries further solidify Asia Pacific's prominent position in the global seaweed aquaculture landscape.
Latin America's seaweed aquaculture is burgeoning, driven by demand for food, feed, and biostimulants. Chile and Mexico lead in production, primarily for Gracilaria and Kappaphycus, respectively. Brazil shows significant growth potential, focusing on native species like Hypnea. The region benefits from extensive coastlines and diverse marine ecosystems. Challenges include policy inconsistencies, limited infrastructure, and varying market acceptance. However, increasing investments in sustainable practices and technological advancements are positioning Latin America as a key player, particularly for high-value extracts and regenerative aquaculture initiatives, catering to both domestic and international markets.
The Middle East & Africa seaweed aquaculture market is nascent but shows potential, primarily driven by rising demand for sustainable protein sources and agricultural fertilizers. Currently, small-scale operations dominate, with countries like South Africa and Egypt exploring commercial ventures. Challenges include limited infrastructure, lack of skilled labor, and low consumer awareness. However, favorable coastal conditions and government initiatives focused on economic diversification and food security present significant growth opportunities. Increased R&D into indigenous seaweed species and cultivation techniques could unlock substantial regional expansion, contributing to a diversified Blue Economy and job creation across the diverse coastal nations.
Top Countries Overview
The US seaweed aquaculture market is nascent but growing, attracting significant investment for cultivation and processing. Research focuses on native species for food, feed, and bioproducts. Imports currently dominate, but domestic production aims to meet increasing demand, contributing to economic and environmental sustainability. Regulations and market development are key challenges.
China dominates global seaweed aquaculture. It is the leading producer and exporter, driving innovation in cultivation and processing. The industry provides significant economic benefits and is crucial for food security and various industrial applications worldwide.
India is an emerging player in global seaweed aquaculture. With extensive coastlines and biodiversity, it holds significant potential. Policy support and farmer engagement are crucial to leverage its growth, contributing to both domestic consumption and international supply chains for food, feed, and bioproducts.
Impact of Geopolitical and Macroeconomic Factors
Geopolitical shifts are influencing trade routes and commodity prices, directly impacting seaweed cultivation costs and export markets. Increased nationalistic policies and trade barriers could fragment the market, while rising geopolitical tensions might disrupt supply chains for essential cultivation inputs and processing equipment. Climate change, a major geopolitical concern, also poses risks to coastal farms.
Macroeconomic trends, particularly inflation and interest rate hikes, affect investment in aquaculture infrastructure and operational expenses. Demand for sustainable products driven by shifting consumer preferences and corporate ESG initiatives will bolster the market. Technological advancements in farming and processing, alongside government subsidies and international aid for developing nations, will further shape the market landscape.
Recent Developments
- March 2025
Acadian Seaplants announced a strategic partnership with a major European cosmetics manufacturer to supply high-grade seaweed extracts for new skincare lines. This collaboration aims to capitalize on the growing consumer demand for natural and sustainable ingredients in personal care products.
- January 2025
TOMORROW launched an innovative new line of seaweed-based biodegradable packaging solutions for the food industry. This product aims to significantly reduce plastic waste and offers a sustainable alternative for companies looking to enhance their environmental profile.
- November 2024
Algea2 completed the acquisition of a leading Norwegian aquaculture technology firm, expanding its capabilities in sustainable offshore seaweed cultivation. This acquisition will allow Algea2 to implement advanced monitoring and harvesting technologies, improving efficiency and yield.
- February 2025
Pacific Seaweed announced a new research and development initiative focused on cultivating climate-resilient seaweed species in collaboration with a prominent marine biology institute. This strategic move aims to ensure long-term supply stability amidst changing ocean conditions and to explore new applications for hardy seaweed varieties.
- April 2025
Dumoulin unveiled a new range of fortified seaweed-based pet food supplements, targeting the growing market for natural and functional pet nutrition. These supplements are designed to improve pet gut health and coat condition, leveraging the rich nutritional profile of sustainably farmed seaweed.
Key Players Analysis
The global seaweed aquaculture market features key players like Dumoulin and TOMORROW, known for their innovative farming techniques and sustainable practices, often leveraging advanced cultivation technologies to boost yield. Acadian Seaplants and Algea2 excel in research and development, creating novel seaweed products and optimizing growth conditions. Kanegrade and Devegetal focus on ingredient supply for various industries, driving market expansion through product diversification. Pacific Seaweed and Yasui Trading emphasize regional market penetration and robust supply chains. Seakura and Maine Coast Sea Vegetables prioritize consumer facing products, highlighting health benefits and sustainable sourcing, thereby increasing consumer awareness and demand. Strategic initiatives across these companies include investment in automation, biotechnology for enhanced strains, and expansion into new geographical markets, all contributing to the overall market growth driven by increasing demand for food, feed, fertilizers, and bioplastics.
List of Key Companies:
- Dumoulin
- TOMORROW
- Acadian Seaplants
- Algea2
- Kanegrade
- Pacific Seaweed
- Devegetal
- Yasui Trading
- Seakura
- Maine Coast Sea Vegetables
- Ocean Harvest Technology
- Cargill
- Eagle Marine
- Nongfu Spring
- Green Ocean
- Seaweed Solutions
Report Scope and Segmentation
| Report Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Market Size (2025) | USD 24.8 Billion |
| Forecast Value (2035) | USD 51.3 Billion |
| CAGR (2026-2035) | 6.8% |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Historical Period | 2020-2025 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2035 |
| Segments Covered |
|
| Regional Analysis |
|
Table of Contents:
List of Figures
List of Tables
Table 1: Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 2: Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Type, 2020-2035
Table 3: Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Harvesting Method, 2020-2035
Table 4: Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Form, 2020-2035
Table 5: Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 6: Global Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Region, 2020-2035
Table 7: North America Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 8: North America Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Type, 2020-2035
Table 9: North America Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Harvesting Method, 2020-2035
Table 10: North America Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Form, 2020-2035
Table 11: North America Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 12: North America Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country, 2020-2035
Table 13: Europe Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 14: Europe Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Type, 2020-2035
Table 15: Europe Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Harvesting Method, 2020-2035
Table 16: Europe Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Form, 2020-2035
Table 17: Europe Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 18: Europe Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 19: Asia Pacific Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 20: Asia Pacific Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Type, 2020-2035
Table 21: Asia Pacific Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Harvesting Method, 2020-2035
Table 22: Asia Pacific Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Form, 2020-2035
Table 23: Asia Pacific Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 24: Asia Pacific Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 25: Latin America Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 26: Latin America Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Type, 2020-2035
Table 27: Latin America Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Harvesting Method, 2020-2035
Table 28: Latin America Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Form, 2020-2035
Table 29: Latin America Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 30: Latin America Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 31: Middle East & Africa Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 32: Middle East & Africa Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Type, 2020-2035
Table 33: Middle East & Africa Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Harvesting Method, 2020-2035
Table 34: Middle East & Africa Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Form, 2020-2035
Table 35: Middle East & Africa Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 36: Middle East & Africa Seaweed Aquaculture Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
