
Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Insights, Size, and Forecast By End Use (Fruits, Vegetables, Dairy Products, Meat and Poultry), By Application (Food Packaging, Supply Chain Management, Retail Packaging, Consumer Awareness), By Technology (Chemical Indicators, Electronic Indicators, Color-Changing Indicators), By Material Type (Paper, Plastic, Biodegradable Materials, Metal), By Region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa), Key Companies, Competitive Analysis, Trends, and Projections for 2026-2035
Key Market Insights
Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market is projected to grow from USD 1.25 Billion in 2025 to USD 4.18 Billion by 2035, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 11.4% from 2026 through 2035. The market for ripeness indicator labels is defined by intelligent packaging solutions designed to visually communicate the maturity status of fresh produce and other perishable goods. These labels employ various technologies to detect changes in biochemical markers, such as ethylene gas emission or pH levels, providing consumers and supply chain stakeholders with real-time insights into product freshness. Key market drivers include increasing consumer demand for fresh, high-quality produce with extended shelf life, coupled with growing awareness regarding food waste reduction. The rising adoption of smart packaging solutions by retailers and logistics providers to optimize inventory management and minimize spoilage further fuels market expansion. Conversely, market restraints include the relatively higher cost of these advanced labels compared to conventional alternatives and the need for greater standardization in label sensitivity and accuracy across diverse product types.
Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Value (USD Billion) Analysis, 2025-2035

2025 - 2035
www.makdatainsights.com
An important trend shaping the market is the integration of advanced sensor technologies, including colorimetric and spectroscopic approaches, to offer more precise and reliable ripeness assessment. The development of biodegradable and sustainable label materials is also gaining traction, aligning with broader environmental initiatives and consumer preferences for eco-friendly products. Opportunities in this market lie in the expansion into new application areas beyond fruits, such as vegetables, meat, and seafood, where spoilage detection is critical. The growing e-commerce penetration for groceries presents a significant avenue for these labels to assure product quality during transit. Technological advancements in miniaturization and cost reduction of sensors will further unlock new market potential. Key players like Dole Food Company and Chiquita Brands International are leveraging these labels to enhance their brand image and offer superior product quality, while technology providers such as TNO and Mettler Toledo are focusing on innovation in sensor development and integration.
North America stands as the dominant region in the global ripeness indicator labels market, primarily due to high consumer awareness regarding food quality and safety, well-established retail infrastructure, and significant investments in smart packaging technologies. The region also benefits from stringent food waste reduction initiatives and the early adoption of innovative solutions by major food processors and retailers. The Asia Pacific region is projected to be the fastest growing market, driven by rapidly expanding economies, increasing disposable incomes, and a burgeoning demand for fresh and packaged foods. Growing urbanization, the expansion of modern retail formats, and rising consumer awareness about food safety and quality are key factors propelling this accelerated growth. Strategic initiatives by key players, including partnerships with local distributors and investments in research and development tailored to regional needs, are crucial for sustaining competitive advantage. Companies like Cargill and Sustainable Food Corporation are actively exploring these emerging markets to capitalize on the substantial growth opportunities.
Quick Stats
Market Size (2025):
USD 1.25 BillionProjected Market Size (2035):
USD 4.18 BillionLeading Segment:
Fruits (42.8% Share)Dominant Region (2025):
North America (38.2% Share)CAGR (2026-2035):
11.4%
What is Ripeness Indicator Labels?
Ripeness indicator labels are smart packaging components that visually communicate a fruit or vegetable's optimal ripeness stage. These labels typically incorporate chemical dyes or sensors embedded within a polymer matrix. They react to volatile organic compounds like ethylene emitted by produce as it ripens, or changes in pH or temperature. The label's color or pattern alters, providing a clear, non-invasive visual cue to consumers and retailers. This technology aims to reduce food waste by preventing premature disposal of underripe produce and ensuring consumers purchase items at their preferred ripeness, optimizing flavor and texture.
What are the Trends in Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market
AI Powered Precision Ripeness
Blockchain Verified Freshness Tracking
Compostable Smart Labels Growth
Consumer DIY Ripeness Solutions
Hyperlocal Produce Monitoring
AI Powered Precision Ripeness
Global Ripeness Indicator Labels are experiencing a transformative trend with AI Powered Precision Ripeness. This involves integrating artificial intelligence algorithms into the labels themselves or their reading mechanisms. Instead of static color changes or single sensor readings, AI analyzes vast datasets including historical ripening patterns, environmental factors like temperature and humidity, and even specific fruit characteristics. The AI then interprets this complex information to provide a highly accurate, dynamic assessment of a product's precise ripeness stage. This technology offers granular insights, moving beyond simple "ripe" or "unripe" classifications to indicate optimal consumption windows, extending shelf life predictions, and minimizing food waste across the supply chain. Consumers benefit from consistent quality, while producers achieve better inventory management and reduced spoilage.
Blockchain Verified Freshness Tracking
Blockchain Verified Freshness Tracking is an emerging trend in the Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market driven by increasing consumer demand for transparency and quality assurance in fresh produce. Traditionally, ripeness labels offered a snapshot of a fruit or vegetable's condition. This new approach integrates a label with a blockchain record, providing an immutable and verifiable history of the item's journey from farm to fork.
Each point in the supply chain—harvest, transportation, storage conditions, and even temperature fluctuations detected by smart labels—can be logged onto the blockchain. This digital ledger ensures that the "freshness" indicated on the label is backed by verifiable data, building trust and reducing food waste. Consumers can scan a QR code on the label to access this detailed history, confirming optimal handling and the true freshness of their purchase, influencing their buying decisions towards brands prioritizing authenticity.
What are the Key Drivers Shaping the Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market
Increasing Demand for Food Quality and Safety
Growth of the Perishable Goods Supply Chain and E-commerce
Advancements in Sensing Technology and Material Science
Rising Consumer Preference for Fresh and Optimally Ripe Produce
Focus on Reducing Food Waste and Enhancing Sustainability
Increasing Demand for Food Quality and Safety
Growing consumer awareness and rising disposable incomes globally are fueling a significant shift towards premium food products. This heightened desire for superior quality extends to an increased scrutiny of food safety standards. Consumers are increasingly demanding transparency and assurance regarding the freshness and ripeness of their produce, particularly for fruits and vegetables. Ripeness indicator labels directly address this need by providing clear, visual cues about a product's optimal consumption window. This empowers consumers to make informed purchasing decisions, reducing food waste and enhancing their overall dining experience. The perceived value of accurately ripe and safe food is a powerful driver for the widespread adoption of these innovative labeling solutions across the food supply chain.
Growth of the Perishable Goods Supply Chain and E-commerce
The rapid expansion of the perishable goods supply chain, significantly propelled by the boom in e commerce, is a primary driver for ripeness indicator labels. Consumers increasingly expect fresh produce, seafood, and other delicate items delivered directly to their homes. This heightened demand necessitates meticulous monitoring of product quality throughout the extended journey from farm or origin to doorstep. Ripeness indicators provide a visual, accessible solution for both logistics providers and end consumers to verify optimal freshness and reduce waste. Without reliable indicators, the risk of spoilage and customer dissatisfaction in this intricate, fast paced supply chain would be considerably higher, making these labels indispensable for maintaining product integrity and consumer trust.
Advancements in Sensing Technology and Material Science
Innovations in sensing technology and material science are propelling the ripeness indicator labels market forward. Enhanced sensor capabilities allow for more accurate and real time detection of volatile organic compounds gases and other biochemical markers that signify a fruit or vegetable’s ripeness. These advancements provide consumers and suppliers with precise information reducing food waste and improving product quality. Simultaneously new material science developments are leading to the creation of more durable flexible and food safe label substrates. These advanced materials ensure the labels maintain functionality throughout the supply chain enduring various environmental conditions. Together these innovations create more reliable and effective ripeness indicators boosting market adoption and utility across the produce industry.
Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Restraints
Lack of Standardized Ripeness Metrics
The Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market faces a significant hurdle due to a lack of standardized ripeness metrics. Currently, various labels employ differing visual cues, color scales, and chemical reactions to signal fruit or vegetable maturity. This inconsistency creates confusion for both consumers and supply chain participants. Without universally accepted thresholds for optimal ripeness, retailers struggle to compare product quality across different suppliers using diverse labeling solutions. Consumers, encountering varying interpretations of ripeness, may lose trust in the labels’ accuracy. This fragmentation hinders widespread adoption as manufacturers are hesitant to invest in technologies lacking unified industry benchmarks, ultimately impeding market growth and consumer acceptance of these innovative indicators.
High Implementation Costs for Advanced Sensing
The high cost associated with integrating sophisticated sensing technologies poses a significant barrier within the global ripeness indicator labels market. Developing and manufacturing labels equipped with advanced sensors capable of precise, real time freshness assessment requires substantial investment in materials, research, and specialized production processes. This elevated expenditure translates into a higher unit cost for these advanced labels, making them less attractive to businesses operating on tight margins, such as many produce packagers and retailers. Consequently, companies may opt for more traditional, less accurate, but cheaper ripeness indicators or manual inspection methods. This economic hurdle limits the widespread adoption and market penetration of technologically superior solutions, especially in price sensitive segments, hindering innovation and growth in advanced sensing within the industry.
Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Opportunities
Minimizing Household Food Waste with Advanced Ripeness Indicator Labels
The opportunity lies in leveraging advanced ripeness indicator labels to significantly reduce household food waste globally. These innovative labels provide consumers with precise, easy to understand visual cues about the optimal consumption window for fresh produce. This empowers households to make informed decisions, preventing premature disposal of still good food or consumption of overripe items. As consumers increasingly prioritize sustainability and seek practical solutions to everyday problems, labels that visually communicate ripeness stages directly address a major pain point. Such technology not only helps families save money and enjoy fresher food, but also positions manufacturers and retailers as environmentally conscious leaders. The inherent value proposition of waste reduction, coupled with growing consumer awareness and a burgeoning market particularly in populous regions like Asia Pacific, creates a compelling opportunity for brands to integrate these smart labeling solutions, fostering greater brand loyalty and capturing substantial market share by directly contributing to a more sustainable global food ecosystem.
Enhancing Retail Freshness & Customer Loyalty with Dynamic Ripeness Labels
The opportunity within the global ripeness indicator labels market is profound, centering on dynamic labels that visibly transform to signal fresh produce maturity. This innovation allows retailers to precisely manage inventory, significantly reducing food waste from spoilage and improving shelf life efficiency. By offering a clear, intuitive visual cue for ripeness, these labels empower consumers to confidently select produce at their exact desired stage of readiness, eliminating guesswork and enhancing satisfaction. This transparency builds immense trust and strengthens customer loyalty, encouraging repeat purchases. Retailers gain a powerful competitive advantage by consistently delivering optimal freshness and quality, streamlining operations, and minimizing losses. As demand for fresh, high quality produce grows, especially in fast developing regions, dynamic ripeness labels offer a crucial tool for optimizing the entire fresh food supply chain, from farm to fork, fostering efficiency and sustainability while delighting discerning customers.
Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Segmentation Analysis
Key Market Segments
By Application
- •Food Packaging
- •Supply Chain Management
- •Retail Packaging
- •Consumer Awareness
By Material Type
- •Paper
- •Plastic
- •Biodegradable Materials
- •Metal
By Technology
- •Chemical Indicators
- •Electronic Indicators
- •Color-Changing Indicators
By End Use
- •Fruits
- •Vegetables
- •Dairy Products
- •Meat and Poultry
Segment Share By Application
Share, By Application, 2025 (%)
- Food Packaging
- Supply Chain Management
- Retail Packaging
- Consumer Awareness

www.makdatainsights.com
Why is the Fruits segment dominating the Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market?
The significant share held by fruits is driven by their high perishability and the critical need for optimal ripeness for both taste and shelf life. Consumers demand perfectly ripe produce, and retailers seek to minimize waste. Ripeness indicators for fruits provide clear visual cues throughout the supply chain and at the point of purchase, ensuring quality, reducing spoilage, and enhancing consumer satisfaction. This direct impact on freshness and marketability makes fruits a primary application.
Which technology segment is most impactful in driving market adoption?
Color-changing indicators are highly impactful due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ease of interpretation by both supply chain personnel and end consumers. Unlike complex electronic indicators, their immediate visual feedback requires no special equipment or training, making them ideal for broad application in retail packaging and consumer awareness. This user friendly approach facilitates widespread integration across various product categories, solidifying their market relevance.
How do different application segments influence market growth?
Food packaging and supply chain management represent foundational growth drivers, ensuring product quality and minimizing waste from farm to shelf. However, emerging growth in consumer awareness and retail packaging is crucial for market expansion. By directly informing shoppers about product freshness, these labels enhance trust, drive purchasing decisions, and reduce household food waste, creating a virtuous cycle of demand for ripeness indicators beyond internal logistics.
What Regulatory and Policy Factors Shape the Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market
The global ripeness indicator labels market navigates a complex regulatory landscape primarily driven by food safety and material contact legislation. Key challenges include compliance with diverse food contact materials regulations suchifying substances permitted for direct or indirect food interaction, such as FDA Title 21 in the USA, EU Regulation 10/2011, and similar national standards across Asia and other regions. Manufacturers must ensure the indicator components themselves are non-toxic, non-migratory beyond safe limits, and approved for their intended application.
Environmental policies are increasingly influential. Regulations promoting sustainable packaging, biodegradability, or recyclability impact material selection and end-of-life management for these labels. Furthermore, intellectual property protection varies globally, affecting market competition and innovation. International standardization efforts remain critical to harmonizing disparate national rules, easing market entry, and facilitating global trade, yet significant country-specific variations in testing protocols and substance approvals persist, necessitating meticulous regional compliance strategies.
What New Technologies are Shaping Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market?
The Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market is experiencing robust expansion, propelled by significant technological advancements. Emerging innovations leverage smart materials like chromogenic polymers that visibly change color in response to specific gases or pH shifts, accurately signaling produce ripeness. Biosensors are becoming more sophisticated, precisely detecting volatile organic compounds and sugar levels, offering tailored assessments for diverse fruits and vegetables. Integration with Internet of Things IoT platforms allows these labels to transmit real time data to smartphones or supply chain systems, enabling dynamic inventory management and reducing spoilage. Further advancements include printable electronics and flexible sensor arrays, making these indicators more cost effective and adaptable to various packaging. Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms are also being developed to interpret label data, enhancing predictive capabilities for optimal freshness and consumer satisfaction. Sustainability efforts are driving the creation of biodegradable and edible label options, aligning with eco conscious market demands.
Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Regional Analysis
Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market
Trends, by Region

North America Market
Revenue Share, 2025
www.makdatainsights.com
Dominant Region
North America · 38.2% share
North America dominates the Global Ripeness Indicator Labels market with a substantial 38.2% share. This leadership stems from the region's highly developed food and beverage industry particularly its strong focus on food safety and waste reduction. Widespread adoption of advanced packaging solutions including smart labels by major retailers and food producers further bolsters this position. Consumer demand for fresh produce and longer shelf life alongside stringent regulatory standards drive continuous innovation and investment in ripeness label technologies across the United States and Canada solidifying North America's premier market standing.
Fastest Growing Region
Asia Pacific · 11.2% CAGR
Asia Pacific emerges as the fastest growing region in the global ripeness indicator labels market, projected to expand at a robust CAGR of 11.2% from 2026 to 2035. This accelerated growth is primarily fueled by increasing consumer awareness regarding food waste and a rising demand for fresh produce across developing economies. Urbanization and the expansion of organized retail are further driving the adoption of these innovative labels in supermarkets and hypermarkets. Moreover, the burgeoning e-commerce food delivery sector in countries like China and India is creating significant opportunities for ripeness indicator labels to ensure quality and reduce spoilage during transit. Technological advancements in label materials and sensor technology also contribute to the region's rapid expansion.
Top Countries Overview
The U.S. market for Global Ripeness Indicator Labels is robust, driven by its large agricultural sector and increasing demand for improved post-harvest management. Innovation in label technology, including time-temperature indicators and biosensors, is expanding applications across fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Market growth is further fueled by rising consumer preference for fresh produce and stricter food safety regulations, positioning the U.S. as a key player in this evolving global segment.
China dominates the global ripeness indicator labels market, driven by its vast agricultural sector and increasing demand for fresh produce. The market is characterized by intense competition, with both domestic and international players vying for market share. Innovation in smart labels and IoT integration is shaping the future, offering real-time monitoring and improved quality control across the supply chain.
India is a burgeoning market for Global Ripeness Indicator Labels, driven by its large agricultural sector and increasing focus on reducing post-harvest losses. With diverse climatic zones and varied produce, the demand for precise ripeness assessment tools is growing. Low-cost, user-friendly, and accurate labels tailored to regional crops and smallholder farmers are key for market penetration and widespread adoption across the country.
Impact of Geopolitical and Macroeconomic Factors
Geopolitically, supply chain resilience is paramount. Trade tensions, particularly between major fruit producing nations and advanced label manufacturing hubs, could disrupt material flows like specialty polymers or sensors. Geopolitical stability in Latin America and Southeast Asia directly impacts fruit availability, influencing demand for ripeness labels. Food security concerns, exacerbated by climate change and regional conflicts, will drive innovation and adoption of technologies that minimize post harvest loss, making ripeness indicators strategically important for global food systems.
Macroeconomically, inflation and interest rate hikes affect production costs and consumer purchasing power. Higher material costs for advanced labels could slow adoption in price sensitive markets. Conversely, rising food prices internationally may incentivize investment in technologies that extend shelf life and reduce waste, boosting demand. Economic growth in developing countries, coupled with increasing disposable incomes, will expand the consumer base for high quality produce, further stimulating the market for precise ripeness indicators, particularly for premium fruit segments.
Recent Developments
- March 2025
Dole Food Company announced a strategic initiative to integrate AI-powered ripeness prediction algorithms with their existing indicator labels for bananas. This aims to provide more precise harvest and distribution timing, reducing waste and improving consumer satisfaction.
- February 2025
A partnership was formed between TNO and Smarter Fresh to develop a new generation of biodegradable ripeness indicator labels for berries. This collaboration focuses on sustainable materials and enhanced accuracy for delicate produce, addressing growing consumer demand for eco-friendly solutions.
- January 2025
Innovative Packaging Solutions launched a new product line of 'SmartSeal' ripeness indicator labels featuring NFC technology. These labels allow consumers to scan their produce with a smartphone for real-time ripeness updates and storage recommendations, enhancing convenience and reducing food waste.
- November 2024
Cargill acquired HungerKnots, a startup specializing in sensor-based ripeness monitoring for bulk grain storage. This acquisition strengthens Cargill's capabilities in managing large-scale agricultural commodities and optimizing their freshness throughout the supply chain.
- October 2024
Sustainable Food Corporation initiated a pilot program for a new subscription service offering personalized ripeness indicator labels for home delivery fruit boxes. This strategic initiative aims to empower consumers to better manage their produce at home, reducing spoilage and promoting healthy eating.
Key Players Analysis
The Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market is driven by key players like Dole Food Company and Chiquita Brands International, major produce companies leveraging these labels for quality control and reduced waste. ProAct Safety and Innovative Packaging Solutions specialize in label manufacturing and integration, utilizing smart label technology, often incorporating colorimetric changes or sensor based indicators. Mettler Toledo and TNO contribute expertise in precision measurement and research, developing advanced sensing materials. HungerKnots and Smarter Fresh represent emerging brands or niche players focusing on consumer convenience and fresh food initiatives. Cargill and Sustainable Food Corporation, large food conglomerates, drive adoption through their supply chains, aiming for increased shelf life and reduced food loss. Strategic initiatives revolve around enhancing accuracy, cost effectiveness, and integration into existing packaging lines to meet rising consumer demand for fresh produce and sustainability goals.
List of Key Companies:
- Dole Food Company
- ProAct Safety
- Mettler Toledo
- HungerKnots
- Smarter Fresh
- TNO
- Innovative Packaging Solutions
- Chiquita Brands International
- Cargill
- Sustainable Food Corporation
- FreshTag
- Avery Dennison
- Multisorb Technologies
- Parker Products
- AgroFresh Solutions
- TagZ Foods
Report Scope and Segmentation
| Report Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Market Size (2025) | USD 1.25 Billion |
| Forecast Value (2035) | USD 4.18 Billion |
| CAGR (2026-2035) | 11.4% |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Historical Period | 2020-2025 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2035 |
| Segments Covered |
|
| Regional Analysis |
|
Table of Contents:
List of Figures
List of Tables
Table 1: Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 2: Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material Type, 2020-2035
Table 3: Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Technology, 2020-2035
Table 4: Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 5: Global Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Region, 2020-2035
Table 6: North America Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 7: North America Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material Type, 2020-2035
Table 8: North America Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Technology, 2020-2035
Table 9: North America Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 10: North America Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country, 2020-2035
Table 11: Europe Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 12: Europe Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material Type, 2020-2035
Table 13: Europe Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Technology, 2020-2035
Table 14: Europe Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 15: Europe Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 16: Asia Pacific Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 17: Asia Pacific Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material Type, 2020-2035
Table 18: Asia Pacific Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Technology, 2020-2035
Table 19: Asia Pacific Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 20: Asia Pacific Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 21: Latin America Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 22: Latin America Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material Type, 2020-2035
Table 23: Latin America Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Technology, 2020-2035
Table 24: Latin America Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 25: Latin America Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 26: Middle East & Africa Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 27: Middle East & Africa Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material Type, 2020-2035
Table 28: Middle East & Africa Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Technology, 2020-2035
Table 29: Middle East & Africa Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 30: Middle East & Africa Ripeness Indicator Labels Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
