
Global Pet Teaser Toys Market Insights, Size, and Forecast By Material (Plastic, Wood, Fabric, Metal, Rubber), By Product Type (Wands, Laser Toys, Interactive Scratching Toys, Ball Toys, Feather Toys), By Animal Type (Cats, Dogs, Small Mammals, Birds), By End User (Households, Pet Care Centers, Pet Retail Stores, Veterinary Clinics), By Region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa), Key Companies, Competitive Analysis, Trends, and Projections for 2026-2035
Key Market Insights
Global Pet Teaser Toys Market is projected to grow from USD 4.85 Billion in 2025 to USD 9.12 Billion by 2035, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 6.2% from 2026 through 2035. The market encompasses a wide array of toys designed to engage pets through interactive play, stimulating their natural instincts for chasing, batting, and pouncing. These toys include wands, laser pointers, feathered lures, and other stimulating devices aimed at providing mental and physical enrichment for companion animals. A primary driver for this market growth is the increasing humanization of pets, where owners are willing to invest more in their pets' well-being and entertainment. The rising awareness regarding the benefits of interactive play for pet health, including reduced boredom, stress, and destructive behaviors, further fuels demand. Additionally, the proliferation of pet ownership, particularly among millennials and Gen Z, contributes significantly to market expansion. Technological advancements are also playing a crucial role, with the introduction of smart teaser toys that offer automated play and app control, enhancing convenience for pet owners and engagement for pets. However, the market faces restraints such as the relatively short lifespan of some toys due to wear and tear, and the presence of counterfeit products that may not meet safety standards.
Global Pet Teaser Toys Market Value (USD Billion) Analysis, 2025-2035

2025 - 2035
www.makdatainsights.com
North America holds the dominant share in the global pet teaser toys market, driven by high disposable incomes, a strong pet-owning culture, and significant spending on pet products. The region also benefits from a well-established distribution network for pet supplies and a high adoption rate of premium and specialized pet products. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific is poised to be the fastest growing region, propelled by the burgeoning middle class, increasing pet adoption rates in countries like China and India, and a growing Westernization of pet care practices. The rising disposable incomes in these emerging economies allow pet owners to spend more on pet accessories, including interactive toys. Furthermore, increasing urbanization and smaller living spaces often necessitate indoor entertainment solutions for pets, boosting the demand for teaser toys. The market also presents significant opportunities in product innovation, particularly in developing sustainable and eco-friendly materials, as well as incorporating advanced technologies like augmented reality for enhanced pet engagement.
The market is segmented by product type, material, end user, and animal type, with households emerging as the leading end-user segment. This dominance is attributed to the direct purchasing power of pet owners for their household pets. Key players in this competitive landscape include West Paw, PetSafe, Waggle, Frisco, ZippyPaws, Tuffy's Pet Foods, Nylabone, Outward Hound, PetFusion, and SmartyKat. These companies are actively engaged in strategic initiatives such as product innovation, expanding their distribution channels, and focusing on sustainable manufacturing practices to gain a competitive edge. Many are investing in research and development to introduce new designs and materials that enhance durability and safety, while others are leveraging e-commerce platforms to reach a broader customer base. Strategic partnerships and mergers and acquisitions are also common strategies adopted by these players to consolidate their market position and expand their product portfolios. The emphasis on educational campaigns regarding the benefits of interactive play further strengthens their market presence.
Quick Stats
Market Size (2025):
USD 4.85 BillionProjected Market Size (2035):
USD 9.12 BillionLeading Segment:
Households (78.5% Share)Dominant Region (2025):
North America (38.2% Share)CAGR (2026-2035):
6.2%
What is Pet Teaser Toys?
Pet Teaser Toys are engaging tools designed to stimulate a pet’s natural hunting instincts through interactive play. These toys typically involve a wand, string, or similar apparatus with an attractive object like feathers, fabric, or small plush figures attached at the end. The owner manipulates the toy, creating erratic movements that mimic prey, enticing the pet to chase, pounce, and bat. This form of play provides crucial mental and physical exercise, preventing boredom and promoting a healthy outlet for predatory behaviors, especially beneficial for indoor cats. Their core concept is interactive stimulation, strengthening the bond between pet and owner through shared activity.
What are the Trends in Global Pet Teaser Toys Market
Smart Connected Teasers The Next Frontier
Eco Friendly Teasers Sustainable Playtime
Interactive AI Powered Teasers Transforming Engagement
Personalized Enrichment Teasers Tailored Fun
Sensory Stimulation Teasers Multisensory Experience
Smart Connected Teasers The Next Frontier
Smart connected pet teasers represent a significant evolution in the global pet toy market. This trend integrates advanced technology into traditional teaser toys, creating a more engaging and interactive experience for pets and their owners.
These next generation teasers often feature remote control capabilities, allowing owners to manipulate toys from a distance. Some incorporate motion sensors, responding autonomously to a pet's presence or play. Others leverage built in cameras to capture playful moments, or even offer treat dispensing functions as rewards for interaction. The underlying principle is to move beyond simple physical stimulation, instead providing mental enrichment and prolonged entertainment through dynamic, responsive, and often app controlled play. This frontier focuses on enhanced user experience for pets and convenience for owners, fostering deeper human animal bonds through innovative play.
Eco Friendly Teasers Sustainable Playtime
Pet owners increasingly prioritize sustainability, driving demand for eco friendly teaser toys. This trend reflects a broader consumer shift towards products with minimal environmental impact. Manufacturers are responding by using materials like recycled plastics, natural fibers, and sustainably sourced wood. Packaging is also becoming greener, often biodegradable or recyclable. Brands emphasize the non toxic nature of these toys, ensuring pet safety while aligning with environmental values. The design often incorporates natural aesthetics and durability, promoting longer product lifespans and reducing waste. This focus on sustainable playtime is not just about materials but also about promoting ethical manufacturing practices and reducing the carbon footprint of pet product consumption globally.
What are the Key Drivers Shaping the Global Pet Teaser Toys Market
Rising Pet Ownership and Humanization Trends
Increasing Focus on Pet Mental and Physical Well-being
Innovation in Product Design and Materials
Growth of E-commerce and Specialized Pet Retail Channels
Demand for Interactive and Enrichment Toys
Rising Pet Ownership and Humanization Trends
The increasing number of households acquiring pets, coupled with a growing tendency to treat these animals as family members, is a significant force in the global pet teaser toys market. This humanization trend means owners are more willing to invest in products that enhance their pets' well being and happiness. Teaser toys, in particular, fulfill the need for interactive play, mental stimulation, and physical exercise for cats and dogs. Owners seek out toys that provide enrichment and strengthen the bond with their companions. This desire to cater to pets' needs for engagement and entertainment directly fuels the demand for innovative and appealing teaser toys, making it a primary driver for market expansion.
Increasing Focus on Pet Mental and Physical Well-being
Pet owners increasingly prioritize their companions' holistic health, recognizing the profound link between mental stimulation and overall well-being. This heightened awareness translates into a demand for products that go beyond basic needs, addressing cognitive enrichment and stress reduction. Teaser toys are pivotal in this shift, offering engaging play that prevents boredom, reduces destructive behaviors stemming from anxiety, and provides vital mental exercise. Owners seek toys that promote problem-solving, develop hunting instincts safely, and strengthen the human animal bond through interactive play. This focus on enriching pets' lives mentally and physically drives the market for innovative, stimulating teaser toys, as owners invest in tools that contribute to happier, healthier pets.
Innovation in Product Design and Materials
The pet teaser toys market is significantly propelled by continuous innovation in product design and materials. Manufacturers are consistently exploring novel shapes textures and functionalities to captivate both pets and their owners. This includes ergonomic designs for easier handling by pet parents and intriguing forms that stimulate a pet's natural hunting instincts.
Material science plays a crucial role with a strong emphasis on durability safety and sustainability. Companies are developing toys from tougher chew resistant fabrics eco friendly recycled plastics and natural rubber ensuring longevity and minimizing environmental impact. Hypoallergenic materials are also gaining traction addressing pet health concerns. Advanced composites and interactive components like embedded sound chips or lights further enhance engagement making toys more stimulating and enriching for pets leading to increased consumer demand and market expansion.
Global Pet Teaser Toys Market Restraints
Stringent Animal Welfare Regulations and Product Safety Concerns
Stringent animal welfare regulations and product safety concerns significantly restrain the global pet teaser toys market. Regulatory bodies globally are increasingly scrutinizing materials, manufacturing processes, and potential hazards in pet products. This leads to higher compliance costs for manufacturers who must invest in rigorous testing, certifications, and quality control measures to meet evolving standards. For instance, toys containing small parts that could be choked on, or made from toxic materials, face severe restrictions or outright bans. Companies must ensure their products are durable, non toxic, and appropriately sized for various pet breeds. Failure to comply can result in product recalls, hefty fines, damage to brand reputation, and loss of consumer trust. These regulations necessitate continuous research and development into safer materials and designs, adding complexity and expense to product innovation. Ultimately, these stringent requirements limit market entry for new players and increase operational burdens for existing companies.
Intense Competition from DIY Solutions and Traditional Pet Toys
The global pet teaser toys market faces significant pressure from readily available DIY solutions. Pet owners often create their own interactive toys using household items, bypassing store bought options. This frugal approach directly competes with manufactured products, impacting sales.
Furthermore, traditional pet toys, such as balls, plushies, and chews, maintain a dominant market presence. These well-established categories offer diverse entertainment at often lower price points than specialized teaser toys. Many owners find these classic toys sufficiently stimulating for their pets, diminishing the perceived need for dedicated teaser products. This entrenched competition from both homemade alternatives and conventional toys limits the expansion and adoption of newer, more niche teaser toy offerings within the broader pet products landscape.
Global Pet Teaser Toys Market Opportunities
Smart & Automated Teaser Toys: Leveraging Technology for Enhanced Pet Engagement
The opportunity for Smart and Automated Teaser Toys is immense, driven by integrating cutting edge technology for superior pet engagement. These innovative products move beyond traditional play, incorporating AI, sensors, and app control to deliver dynamic, unpredictable, and mentally stimulating experiences for pets. They promote physical activity, combat boredom, and reduce anxiety by offering personalized, interactive play patterns even when owners are away.
For pet owners, these smart toys provide unparalleled convenience and peace of mind, allowing remote interaction and tailored entertainment. The technology enables varied movements, sounds, lights, and even treat dispensing, mimicking natural hunting behaviors and keeping pets engrossed. This segment thrives on the growing consumer demand for products that enhance pet wellbeing and happiness through intelligent, engaging solutions, promising significant growth globally as pet care becomes increasingly sophisticated.
Sustainable & Durable Teaser Toys: Meeting Eco-Conscious Pet Owner Demand
The global pet teaser toys market offers a compelling opportunity for sustainable and durable products, directly meeting the surging demand from eco-conscious pet owners. As pet humanization intensifies, especially in burgeoning regions like Asia Pacific, consumers increasingly prioritize environmental responsibility and product longevity for their companions. There is a strong market pull for teaser toys crafted from recycled, natural, or non-toxic materials that can withstand rigorous play, thereby reducing waste and providing superior long term value. Companies innovating with resilient, planet friendly components will capture a significant segment of discerning customers eager to invest in ethical, long lasting options. This strategic focus on sustainability and durability fosters brand loyalty, positions companies as leaders in responsible pet care, and drives substantial growth within a rapidly evolving market that values both pet wellbeing and ecological stewardship.
Global Pet Teaser Toys Market Segmentation Analysis
Key Market Segments
By Product Type
- •Wands
- •Laser Toys
- •Interactive Scratching Toys
- •Ball Toys
- •Feather Toys
By Material
- •Plastic
- •Wood
- •Fabric
- •Metal
- •Rubber
By End User
- •Households
- •Pet Care Centers
- •Pet Retail Stores
- •Veterinary Clinics
By Animal Type
- •Cats
- •Dogs
- •Small Mammals
- •Birds
Segment Share By Product Type
Share, By Product Type, 2025 (%)
- Wands
- Laser Toys
- Interactive Scratching Toys
- Ball Toys
- Feather Toys

www.makdatainsights.com
Why is the Households segment dominating the Global Pet Teaser Toys Market?
Households represent the primary environment for pet ownership, driving substantial demand for engagement tools like teaser toys. Pet owners are increasingly focused on enriching their companions' lives, providing mental stimulation and physical activity through interactive play. This direct consumer base frequently purchases a variety of products, including wands and laser toys, to strengthen bonds and address behavioral needs, making it the largest end user category by a significant margin.
How do specific product types and animal types influence market dynamics?
The market is heavily influenced by the popularity of toys designed for cats, given their natural instinct for chasing and pouncing, which aligns perfectly with feather toys, wands, and laser toys. Dogs also contribute significantly, favoring interactive ball toys and robust scratching options. Material choices like plastic and fabric are widely used across these product types to ensure durability and safety, catering to the distinct play styles and preferences of different animal companions.
What trends are emerging in materials and end user segments beyond households?
While households lead, there is a growing demand from pet care centers and veterinary clinics for durable and easy to clean materials like rubber and high quality plastic for their interactive scratching and ball toys. These professional environments prioritize hygiene and longevity, often seeking more robust products for multiple animals. Wood and metal materials also see niche demand for specific toy designs, emphasizing natural aesthetics or enhanced durability for specialized use cases.
What Regulatory and Policy Factors Shape the Global Pet Teaser Toys Market
The global pet teaser toys market navigates a complex regulatory landscape centered on animal welfare and consumer safety. Regions including North America the European Union and key Asian markets enforce stringent material safety standards to prevent toxicity choking hazards and ensure product durability. Compliance often necessitates adherence to Good Manufacturing Practices and robust quality control systems throughout the production process. Labeling regulations are crucial requiring clear disclosure of material composition manufacturer information and essential safety warnings. Import and export policies vary significantly across national borders demanding specific product certifications customs declarations and tariffs. Growing environmental awareness is fostering policies promoting sustainable materials and responsible waste management aligning with eco friendly manufacturing initiatives. Market participants must continuously monitor these evolving guidelines to ensure ongoing product compliance mitigate risks and maintain market access across diverse international jurisdictions.
What New Technologies are Shaping Global Pet Teaser Toys Market?
The global pet teaser toys market is experiencing significant evolution driven by technological advancements. Innovations center on smart interactive devices leveraging artificial intelligence and IoT connectivity. New toys offer app controlled play sessions, motion sensing capabilities, and automated movement patterns to keep pets engaged even when owners are away. Emerging technologies include advanced robotics creating autonomous toys that mimic prey more realistically, enhancing predatory instincts and mental stimulation. Furthermore, durable and eco friendly materials are gaining traction, alongside designs incorporating treat dispensing mechanisms and varied sensory elements like laser pointers or unique sounds. Personalized play modes and integrated health monitoring features represent another key trend, collecting data on pet activity levels and promoting optimal physical and mental well being. This shift towards intelligent, sustainable, and highly engaging products is redefining the market landscape.
Global Pet Teaser Toys Market Regional Analysis
Global Pet Teaser Toys Market
Trends, by Region

North America Market
Revenue Share, 2025
www.makdatainsights.com
Dominant Region
North America · 38.2% share
North America stands as the dominant region in the Global Pet Teaser Toys Market, commanding a substantial 38.2% market share. This leadership is fueled by several key factors. A high rate of pet ownership coupled with a strong emphasis on pet wellness and enrichment drives significant consumer spending on innovative pet products. Pet owners in the region increasingly seek engaging and interactive toys to stimulate their pets mentally and physically, contributing to the robust demand for teaser toys. The presence of major industry players and a well-developed distribution network also facilitates widespread product availability. Furthermore, the region's affluent consumer base often prioritizes premium and technologically advanced pet toys, further solidifying North America's leading position in this dynamic market segment.
Fastest Growing Region
Asia Pacific · 9.2% CAGR
Asia Pacific emerges as the fastest growing region in the global pet teaser toys market, projected to expand at a robust CAGR of 9.2% from 2026 to 2035. This significant growth is fueled by several key factors. Increasing pet ownership, particularly among younger generations and in urban areas, is a primary driver. As disposable incomes rise across the region, pet owners are increasingly willing to spend on premium pet products, including interactive and stimulating toys like teasers. Furthermore, a growing awareness of pet mental and physical well being is prompting owners to invest in toys that promote engagement and reduce boredom. The expanding availability of diverse and innovative teaser toy options through online and retail channels also contributes to this rapid market acceleration.
Top Countries Overview
The U.S. is a dominant force in the global pet teaser toy market, driven by high pet ownership and willingness to spend on enrichment. Innovation, particularly in interactive and durable designs, fuels growth. Online sales channels and evolving pet care trends further solidify its influential position, driving demand for engaging and stimulating toys.
China is a major player in the global pet teaser toy market. Its manufacturing prowess makes it a key exporter, supplying a vast array of products from simple wands to sophisticated electronic toys. The domestic market is also booming, driven by increasing pet ownership and a willingness to spend on quality and engaging toys. Chinese brands are innovating with new materials and interactive designs, catering to diverse consumer preferences globally and domestically.
India's pet teaser toy market is growing, driven by rising pet ownership and disposable incomes. While largely import-dependent, a burgeoning domestic manufacturing sector is emerging, focusing on affordable, engaging toys. Global players eye India's potential, especially its increasing preference for interactive and high-quality products. E-commerce and organized retail are key distribution channels, expanding reach beyond urban centers. Sustainable and safe material toys are gaining traction.
Impact of Geopolitical and Macroeconomic Factors
Geopolitical shifts influence the pet teaser toy market primarily through supply chain disruptions and trade policies. Tariffs on plastics or components from key manufacturing hubs like China or Southeast Asia increase production costs, potentially driving up consumer prices or compressing profit margins for manufacturers. Geopolitical stability or instability in these regions directly impacts raw material availability and shipping routes, affecting lead times and inventory management for companies. Furthermore, consumer sentiment and spending on discretionary items like pet toys can be influenced by broader economic anxieties stemming from international conflicts or trade wars, making demand forecasting more complex.
Macroeconomic factors significantly shape the market. Inflation erodes household purchasing power, potentially leading consumers to prioritize essential pet care over discretionary items like teaser toys, especially in price sensitive segments. Conversely, rising disposable incomes in emerging economies can fuel market growth as pet ownership and premiumization trends accelerate. Exchange rate fluctuations impact the cost of imported raw materials and the competitiveness of exports. Regulatory changes concerning toy safety standards, material sourcing, or labor practices can also add compliance costs and reshape the competitive landscape, favoring companies with robust quality control and ethical sourcing.
Recent Developments
- March 2025
SmartyKat launched its new 'Pounce & Play' line of automated laser pointers and interactive feather wands, designed with app-controlled customization for play patterns. This initiative aims to capture a larger share of the tech-savvy pet owner market seeking engaging, hands-free entertainment for their cats.
- January 2025
PetSafe announced a strategic partnership with a leading pet wellness app to integrate their electronic pet teaser toys into the app's activity tracking and reward system. This collaboration allows pet owners to monitor play sessions and receive personalized recommendations for toy usage, enhancing the value proposition of PetSafe's product range.
- February 2025
West Paw unveiled its 'Eco-Tease' collection, featuring durable teaser toys made from Zogoflex material infused with recycled ocean-bound plastics. This product launch highlights West Paw's commitment to sustainability while offering consumers a guilt-free option for their pets' playtime.
- April 2025
Outward Hound acquired the innovative startup 'Furry Friends Gadgets,' known for its AI-powered interactive puzzle toys that adapt difficulty based on pet engagement. This acquisition significantly expands Outward Hound's portfolio of advanced pet stimulation products and strengthens its position in the intelligent pet toy segment.
- May 2025
Frisco introduced a new subscription box service specifically curated for pet teaser toys, offering a rotating selection of their best-selling and exclusive items delivered monthly. This strategic initiative aims to build customer loyalty and provide a convenient, recurring revenue stream for their diverse range of pet products.
Key Players Analysis
The Global Pet Teaser Toys Market thrives with key players like West Paw and Outward Hound driving innovation. West Paw, known for durable and eco friendly products, leverages proprietary Zogoflex material, while Outward Hound focuses on puzzle and interactive toys, often incorporating treat dispensing mechanisms. Strategic initiatives include expanding product lines, emphasizing sustainable materials, and enhancing play value through technology. Companies like PetSafe and SmartyKat focus on electronic and interactive teasers. Nylabone dominates the chew toy segment with textured nylon. Market growth is fueled by increasing pet ownership, humanization of pets, and a demand for enriching playtime experiences, with both established brands and newer entrants like Waggle and Frisco competing for market share.
List of Key Companies:
- West Paw
- PetSafe
- Waggle
- Frisco
- ZippyPaws
- Tuffy's Pet Foods
- Nylabone
- Outward Hound
- PetFusion
- SmartyKat
- Petstages
- Pawise
- Ethical Products
- Pawtitas
- KONG Company
Report Scope and Segmentation
| Report Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Market Size (2025) | USD 4.85 Billion |
| Forecast Value (2035) | USD 9.12 Billion |
| CAGR (2026-2035) | 6.2% |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Historical Period | 2020-2025 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2035 |
| Segments Covered |
|
| Regional Analysis |
|
Table of Contents:
List of Figures
List of Tables
Table 1: Global Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Product Type, 2020-2035
Table 2: Global Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material, 2020-2035
Table 3: Global Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End User, 2020-2035
Table 4: Global Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Animal Type, 2020-2035
Table 5: Global Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Region, 2020-2035
Table 6: North America Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Product Type, 2020-2035
Table 7: North America Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material, 2020-2035
Table 8: North America Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End User, 2020-2035
Table 9: North America Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Animal Type, 2020-2035
Table 10: North America Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country, 2020-2035
Table 11: Europe Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Product Type, 2020-2035
Table 12: Europe Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material, 2020-2035
Table 13: Europe Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End User, 2020-2035
Table 14: Europe Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Animal Type, 2020-2035
Table 15: Europe Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 16: Asia Pacific Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Product Type, 2020-2035
Table 17: Asia Pacific Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material, 2020-2035
Table 18: Asia Pacific Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End User, 2020-2035
Table 19: Asia Pacific Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Animal Type, 2020-2035
Table 20: Asia Pacific Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 21: Latin America Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Product Type, 2020-2035
Table 22: Latin America Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material, 2020-2035
Table 23: Latin America Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End User, 2020-2035
Table 24: Latin America Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Animal Type, 2020-2035
Table 25: Latin America Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 26: Middle East & Africa Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Product Type, 2020-2035
Table 27: Middle East & Africa Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material, 2020-2035
Table 28: Middle East & Africa Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End User, 2020-2035
Table 29: Middle East & Africa Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Animal Type, 2020-2035
Table 30: Middle East & Africa Pet Teaser Toys Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
