
Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Insights, Size, and Forecast By Material (Plastic, Wood, Metal, Glass), By Features (Heating Function, Bubble Function, Massage Function, Water Capacity, LED Display), By End Use (Household, Commercial Spa, Health Care Facilities), By Type (Electric Foot Spa Massagers, Non-Electric Foot Spa Massagers, Portable Foot Spa Massagers, Luxury Foot Spa Massagers), By Region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa), Key Companies, Competitive Analysis, Trends, and Projections for 2026-2035
Key Market Insights
Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market is projected to grow from USD 1.85 Billion in 2025 to USD 3.42 Billion by 2035, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 6.7% from 2026 through 2035. This market encompasses devices designed to provide therapeutic foot massage, heat therapy, and hydrotherapy for relaxation and pain relief. Key drivers fueling this growth include rising awareness regarding the benefits of foot care and wellness, increasing disposable incomes, and the growing prevalence of stress related conditions and sedentary lifestyles. The convenience of at home spa experiences, coupled with an aging global population seeking non invasive pain management solutions, further propels market expansion. Important trends shaping the industry include the integration of advanced features such as infrared heat, air compression, and intelligent massage programs, alongside a growing consumer preference for portable and ergonomic designs. However, market growth is somewhat restrained by the relatively high cost of premium models and the availability of alternative wellness therapies. Nonetheless, significant opportunities lie in product innovation, expanding into emerging markets, and strategic partnerships with healthcare and wellness providers.
Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Value (USD Billion) Analysis, 2025-2035

2025 - 2035
www.makdatainsights.com
North America stands as the dominant region in the heated foot spa bath massager market, driven by a strong consumer inclination towards personal care appliances, a high disposable income, and the presence of numerous key market players. The region benefits from robust distribution channels and a well established culture of self care. Conversely, Asia Pacific is projected to be the fastest growing region, attributable to rapid urbanization, increasing awareness about health and wellness, and a burgeoning middle class across countries like China and India. The rising adoption of Western lifestyle trends and a growing focus on preventative health measures are also contributing to this accelerated growth. The household segment leads the market, reflecting the strong consumer demand for at home relaxation and therapeutic solutions, offering convenience and privacy.
The competitive landscape of the Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market features prominent players such as HoMedics, Kendal, Beurer, NSPA, Conair, Miko, Pampered Foot, Bissell, VIVOHOME, and Sharper Image. These companies are actively engaged in strategic initiatives to bolster their market position, including continuous product innovation, enhancing features like customization and smart connectivity, and expanding their product portfolios to cater to diverse consumer needs. Emphasis is also placed on strengthening their online and offline distribution networks to improve accessibility and consumer reach. Marketing and promotional activities highlighting the therapeutic benefits and convenience of their products are crucial strategies employed to capture a larger market share and cultivate brand loyalty. Furthermore, several players are exploring mergers and acquisitions to consolidate their market presence and leverage new technologies.
Quick Stats
Market Size (2025):
USD 1.85 BillionProjected Market Size (2035):
USD 3.42 BillionLeading Segment:
Household (72.8% Share)Dominant Region (2025):
North America (38.2% Share)CAGR (2026-2035):
6.7%
What is Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager?
A Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager is a specialized appliance designed to provide a soothing, therapeutic experience for the feet. It typically combines several functions: heating water to a comfortable temperature, generating bubbles for a gentle massage, and incorporating rollers or nodes to stimulate pressure points. The core concept revolves around improving circulation, relieving muscle tension, and reducing fatigue. Its significance lies in offering a convenient, at-home solution for relaxation, stress reduction, and general foot wellness, often benefiting individuals with tired feet, those seeking relief from minor aches, or anyone desiring a spa-like pampering experience.
What are the Trends in Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market
Smart Connected Foot Spas AI Integration
Sustainable Eco Friendly Foot Bath Designs
Personalized Wellness Foot Spa Experiences
Medical Grade Therapeutic Foot Massagers
Compact Portable Mini Foot Spas On The Go
Smart Connected Foot Spas AI Integration
The Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market is seeing a significant shift towards smart connected foot spas with AI integration. This trend moves beyond basic heating and massage functions, incorporating advanced technology for a more personalized and therapeutic experience. Users can expect features such as intelligent water temperature regulation, guided massage programs tailored to individual foot conditions, and automatic essential oil diffusion. AI algorithms analyze user preferences and foot health data, optimizing pressure, vibration, and heat for targeted relief and relaxation. Connectivity allows for smartphone control, remote scheduling, and software updates, constantly enhancing functionality. These devices offer a premium, data driven approach to at home foot care, representing a major evolution in personal wellness technology and a key market differentiator.
Sustainable Eco Friendly Foot Bath Designs
Growing consumer environmental awareness is driving innovation in heated foot spa bath massagers, particularly in foot bath designs. Manufacturers are responding by prioritizing sustainable and eco friendly materials. This trend focuses on incorporating renewable resources like bamboo, recycled plastics, or plant based composites for the foot bath itself and its external casing. Designs often feature water efficient systems, reducing consumption while maintaining therapeutic benefits. Energy efficiency is a key consideration, with products utilizing low power consumption heating elements and smart timers. Furthermore, the use of non toxic, biodegradable cleaning solutions compatible with these designs is gaining traction. The emphasis extends to the entire product lifecycle, promoting repairability and recyclability to minimize environmental impact. This shift reflects a broader consumer demand for wellness products that align with their ethical and environmental values.
What are the Key Drivers Shaping the Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market
Rising Consumer Awareness and Adoption of Wellness Products
Increasing Disposable Incomes and Spending on Personal Care
Growing Geriatric Population and Demand for Therapeutic Solutions
Technological Advancements and Product Innovation in Spa Devices
Expansion of E-commerce and Retail Channels for Accessibility
Rising Consumer Awareness and Adoption of Wellness Products
Consumers are increasingly prioritizing holistic health and wellness, driving demand for products that enhance their wellbeing. This heightened awareness extends to foot care, as individuals recognize the therapeutic benefits of heated foot spa bath massagers beyond simple hygiene. Social media, health blogs, and influencer endorsements further amplify this trend, educating consumers about the stress relief, improved circulation, and muscle relaxation these devices offer. As people seek at home solutions for self care and stress management, the perceived value of investing in products that provide a spa like experience grows. This shift in consumer mindset from reactive treatment to proactive wellness propels the adoption of heated foot spa bath massagers as essential tools for personal health routines.
Increasing Disposable Incomes and Spending on Personal Care
Rising disposable incomes globally empower consumers to invest more in wellness and self care. As economic prosperity increases individuals have greater discretionary funds available to allocate towards non essential items that enhance comfort and quality of life. This growing financial capacity directly fuels the demand for personal care appliances like heated foot spa bath massagers. Consumers perceive these devices as valuable tools for relaxation stress relief and therapeutic benefits fitting seamlessly into a lifestyle that prioritizes well being. The inclination to spend on products offering an at home spa experience is a direct consequence of improved economic standing making heated foot spas an increasingly accessible and desirable purchase for a broader demographic.
Growing Geriatric Population and Demand for Therapeutic Solutions
The increasing number of elderly individuals globally significantly fuels the demand for heated foot spa bath massagers. As people age, they often experience a rise in chronic conditions such as arthritis, poor circulation, neuropathy, and muscle stiffness. These ailments lead to discomfort and reduced mobility. Heated foot spas offer a non pharmacological, accessible solution for pain relief, improved blood flow, and relaxation, directly addressing common geriatric health concerns. The aging population's desire for convenient home based wellness products further strengthens this market driver. These devices help maintain foot health, provide therapeutic warmth, and promote overall well being, making them essential for enhancing the quality of life for the growing senior demographic.
Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Restraints
Supply Chain Disruptions for Components
Supply chain disruptions for components severely hinder the Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market. Manufacturers rely on a complex network of international suppliers for key components like heating elements, massage mechanisms, control boards, and specialized plastics. Geopolitical events, trade disputes, natural disasters, and pandemics can disrupt the flow of these essential parts, leading to significant delays in production.
This unpredictability creates longer lead times, forcing companies to hold more inventory or risk stockouts. Increased shipping costs and tariffs further inflate production expenses. Ultimately, these disruptions result in higher manufacturing costs, reduced product availability, and an inability to meet consumer demand, stifling market growth and hindering manufacturers' ability to innovate and expand their product lines effectively.
Intense Competition from Local and Regional Brands
The heated foot spa bath massager market faces significant challenges from numerous local and regional brands. These smaller players often benefit from strong brand recognition and established distribution channels within their specific geographical areas. They can more readily adapt to local consumer preferences, cultural nuances, and pricing sensitivities, offering products tailored to unique regional demands. This intense competition necessitates global brands to constantly innovate, differentiate their offerings, and invest heavily in marketing and distribution to maintain market share. Local competitors can also offer more competitive pricing due to lower overheads and reduced transportation costs. This fragmented landscape makes it difficult for a single global brand to dominate, requiring strategic regional approaches to navigate the diverse competitive environment.
Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Opportunities
The Post-Pandemic Push for Home Wellness: Unlocking Growth in Smart Heated Foot Spa Massagers
The post pandemic era has ignited a profound global shift towards prioritizing personal well being and at home self care. Consumers, seeking both convenience and sanctuary, are increasingly investing in solutions that bring spa like relaxation into their living spaces. This trend presents a significant opportunity for smart heated foot spa massagers. These innovative devices cater to a heightened demand for accessible, therapeutic experiences without the need to venture outdoors. Their smart features, offering personalized settings and enhanced comfort, align perfectly with modern desires for technologically advanced wellness tools. The emphasis on heated hydrotherapy and massage functions provides relief from stress and fatigue, becoming an essential part of daily routines. Manufacturers focusing on intuitive design, connectivity, and effective relief can tap into this surging market, particularly in rapidly evolving regions like Asia Pacific, by meeting the growing consumer need for sophisticated, in home wellness solutions that integrate seamlessly into busy lives, promising substantial market expansion.
Senior Comfort & Health: Tapping into the Geriatric Market with Therapeutic Heated Foot Massagers
The Senior Comfort and Health opportunity targets the rapidly expanding global geriatric market with therapeutic heated foot massagers. As populations age, particularly within the fastest growing Asia Pacific region, there is an increasing demand for non invasive solutions addressing common senior ailments like poor circulation, arthritis, neuropathy, and general foot discomfort.
Heated foot massagers offer significant therapeutic benefits, promoting circulation, reducing pain, and enhancing overall well being for older adults. This segment represents a substantial, largely underserved niche within the Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market. By developing products tailored for senior friendly usability and emphasizing proven health benefits, companies can effectively tap into a demographic highly valuing comfort, independent living, and accessible pain management solutions. This strategic focus aligns perfectly with the growing consumer awareness around preventative health and at home wellness for seniors worldwide.
Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Segmentation Analysis
Key Market Segments
By Type
- •Electric Foot Spa Massagers
- •Non-Electric Foot Spa Massagers
- •Portable Foot Spa Massagers
- •Luxury Foot Spa Massagers
By Features
- •Heating Function
- •Bubble Function
- •Massage Function
- •Water Capacity
- •LED Display
By Material
- •Plastic
- •Wood
- •Metal
- •Glass
By End Use
- •Household
- •Commercial Spa
- •Health Care Facilities
Segment Share By Type
Share, By Type, 2025 (%)
- Electric Foot Spa Massagers
- Non-Electric Foot Spa Massagers
- Portable Foot Spa Massagers
- Luxury Foot Spa Massagers

www.makdatainsights.com
Why is the Household segment dominating the Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market?
The Household segment accounts for a substantial majority of the market due to increasing consumer awareness of personal wellness and the desire for convenient, at home relaxation. Accessibility and affordability of various models, especially Electric Foot Spa Massagers with essential Heating Function and Massage Function, drive widespread adoption among individual users seeking comfort and relief from daily stresses without needing to visit commercial spas or healthcare facilities. This strong consumer base prioritizes ease of use and immediate access to therapeutic benefits.
How do specific features influence product adoption across different end uses?
Features like Heating Function, Bubble Function, and Massage Function are pivotal in shaping product demand. While heating and massage capabilities are highly sought after in the Household segment for relaxation, Commercial Spas often prioritize advanced massage functions and larger Water Capacity for professional grade services. Health Care Facilities might focus on specific therapeutic features for rehabilitation, emphasizing the core benefits these functions provide across diverse user needs, from simple comfort to specialized treatment.
What role do product type and material play in differentiating market offerings?
Product types such as Portable Foot Spa Massagers cater to a growing demand for convenience and flexibility, appealing to consumers with limited space or those who travel frequently. Luxury Foot Spa Massagers, often incorporating premium materials like wood or glass, target high end consumers and upscale Commercial Spas, focusing on aesthetics and advanced features. The choice of material, predominantly plastic for mass market accessibility, influences durability, cost, and overall user experience, segmenting the market based on budget and desired quality.
What Regulatory and Policy Factors Shape the Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market
The global heated foot spa bath massager market faces diverse regulatory and policy environments across regions. Key compliance areas include electrical safety standards like CE marking for Europe, UL certification for North America, and various national certifications ensuring product safety and electromagnetic compatibility. Depending on specific therapeutic claims, some devices might be classified as low-risk medical devices, triggering additional health authority oversight, particularly regarding manufacturing quality systems and post market surveillance.
Consumer protection laws mandate clear labeling, instruction manuals, and warranty provisions globally. Import and export regulations require adherence to destination country standards, customs duties, and material restrictions such as RoHS compliance for electronic components. Environmental policies like WEEE directives in Europe necessitate producer responsibility for end-of-life product management. Ongoing vigilance is crucial for manufacturers to adapt to evolving safety standards, labeling requirements, and potential medical device classifications to ensure market access and consumer trust.
What New Technologies are Shaping Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market?
The Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market is experiencing dynamic innovation driven by enhanced user experience and smart integration. Emerging technologies focus on personalized wellness and advanced comfort. We are seeing a significant shift towards smart devices offering app control for custom massage programs, precise temperature regulation, and intelligent heating elements ensuring rapid warmth.
Innovations include sophisticated massage techniques blending shiatsu rollers, water jets, and air compression with varied intensity levels. Material science advancements bring antibacterial coatings, improved durability, and more ergonomic designs, some even foldable for portability. Biometric feedback systems are emerging, allowing devices to analyze foot pressure points and tailor massage routines for optimal therapeutic effect. Automated cleaning cycles and advanced water filtration are also becoming standard features, improving hygiene and convenience. The integration of aromatherapy diffusers and ambient lighting creates a more immersive relaxation experience. Future developments anticipate AI powered adaptive massage algorithms responding to real time user needs, making foot spa technology more intuitive and highly customized for individual well being.
Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Regional Analysis
Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market
Trends, by Region

North America Market
Revenue Share, 2025
www.makdatainsights.com
Dominant Region
North America · 38.2% share
North America stands as the dominant region in the global heated foot spa bath massager market, commanding a substantial 38.2% market share. This leadership is primarily driven by strong consumer disposable income and a high awareness of health and wellness products. The region also benefits from advanced retail infrastructure and significant investment in product innovation by key market players. A culture of self care and readily available spa services further fuels demand. High adoption rates of personal care appliances contribute to its sustained market dominance. Consumers in North America prioritize comfort and therapeutic benefits, making heated foot massagers a popular choice for relaxation and pain relief.
Fastest Growing Region
Asia Pacific · 9.2% CAGR
Asia Pacific is projected to be the fastest growing region in the global heated foot spa bath massager market with an impressive CAGR of 9.2% during the forecast period 2026 2035. This robust growth is primarily fueled by rising disposable incomes and an increasing awareness of personal wellness among consumers in emerging economies like China and India. The expanding geriatric population seeking pain relief and relaxation also contributes significantly. Furthermore the growing penetration of e commerce platforms facilitates easier access to these products making them readily available to a wider consumer base. Urbanization and changing lifestyles leading to higher stress levels are also driving demand for home based wellness solutions positioning Asia Pacific at the forefront of market expansion.
Top Countries Overview
The U.S. demonstrates robust growth in the global heated foot spa bath massager market, driven by increasing consumer focus on self-care and wellness. E-commerce platforms and retail chains play a pivotal role in distribution. Domestic manufacturers and international brands vie for market share, offering diverse products with features like hydrotherapy and reflexology. Rising disposable incomes and an aging population further fuel demand, solidifying the U.S. as a key market contributor.
China dominates the global heated foot spa bath massager market, driven by a robust manufacturing sector and increasing domestic demand. Key players leverage advanced technologies and diverse product portfolios to capture market share. The export market remains strong, with Chinese manufacturers supplying a significant portion of the world's foot massagers, showcasing a mature industry with both established brands and agile new entrants.
India is a burgeoning market for heated foot spa massagers, driven by rising disposable incomes and health consciousness. Consumers prioritize features like multiple massage modes, heat therapy, and portability. While currently dominated by imports, domestic manufacturing is expanding to cater to local preferences and competitive pricing. E-commerce platforms are crucial distribution channels, reaching diverse demographics seeking relaxation and pain relief in the global heated foot spa bath massager market.
Impact of Geopolitical and Macroeconomic Factors
Geopolitically, supply chain resilience is paramount. Raw material sources, particularly for electronics components and specialized plastics, are vulnerable to geopolitical tensions and trade disputes between major powers. Manufacturing hubs in Asia face potential disruptions from regional instability or pandemic resurgence, impacting production and delivery timelines. Labor availability and trade policies in key production regions will also influence market stability and pricing, potentially driving diversification strategies.
Macroeconomically, disposable income levels are crucial. Economic slowdowns or recessions in key markets directly reduce consumer spending on discretionary items like foot spas. Inflationary pressures on production costs, including energy and labor, will likely be passed on to consumers, impacting affordability. Currency fluctuations can also affect import costs for manufacturers and ultimately consumer prices, while interest rate changes might influence consumer financing options for higher-end models.
Recent Developments
- March 2025
HoMedics announced a strategic partnership with a leading aromatherapy brand to integrate essential oil diffusers directly into their high-end heated foot spa models. This collaboration aims to offer a more holistic relaxation experience, combining hydrotherapy with aromatherapy benefits.
- January 2025
Kendal launched its new 'Smart Foot Spa' line, featuring AI-powered temperature control and personalized massage programs accessible via a mobile application. This development allows users to customize their spa experience with greater precision and track their usage patterns.
- November 2024
Beurer acquired a significant stake in a startup specializing in remote health monitoring devices for senior citizens. This strategic initiative suggests Beurer's intention to integrate health tracking functionalities, such as blood circulation monitoring, into future foot spa products.
- April 2025
Conair introduced its 'Eco-Therapy' foot spa, featuring sustainable materials in its construction and an energy-efficient heating system. This product launch responds to the growing consumer demand for environmentally friendly personal care appliances.
- February 2025
Miko unveiled a new patented 'hydro-jet' technology in their premium foot spa models, promising a more powerful and targeted massage experience than traditional bubble jets. This innovation aims to differentiate Miko's offerings in the increasingly competitive high-end segment.
Key Players Analysis
Leading players like HoMedics, Beurer, and Conair dominate the heated foot spa bath massager market, leveraging advanced heating elements and hydrotherapy technologies. Their roles involve continuous product innovation, incorporating features like massage rollers, infrared heat, and precise temperature controls. Strategic initiatives include expanding distribution channels, enhancing smart features for user convenience, and focusing on aesthetic designs. Market growth is further driven by increasing consumer awareness of relaxation and pain relief benefits, coupled with a rising disposable income and the desire for at home spa experiences. Brands like Sharper Image and Miko differentiate themselves through unique features and premium positioning.
List of Key Companies:
- HoMedics
- Kendal
- Beurer
- NSPA
- Conair
- Miko
- Pampered Foot
- Bissell
- VIVOHOME
- Sharper Image
- MaxKare
- Renpho
- Carepeutic
- GUSW
- Navaris
Report Scope and Segmentation
| Report Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Market Size (2025) | USD 1.85 Billion |
| Forecast Value (2035) | USD 3.42 Billion |
| CAGR (2026-2035) | 6.7% |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Historical Period | 2020-2025 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2035 |
| Segments Covered |
|
| Regional Analysis |
|
Table of Contents:
List of Figures
List of Tables
Table 1: Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Type, 2020-2035
Table 2: Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Features, 2020-2035
Table 3: Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material, 2020-2035
Table 4: Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 5: Global Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Region, 2020-2035
Table 6: North America Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Type, 2020-2035
Table 7: North America Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Features, 2020-2035
Table 8: North America Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material, 2020-2035
Table 9: North America Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 10: North America Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country, 2020-2035
Table 11: Europe Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Type, 2020-2035
Table 12: Europe Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Features, 2020-2035
Table 13: Europe Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material, 2020-2035
Table 14: Europe Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 15: Europe Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 16: Asia Pacific Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Type, 2020-2035
Table 17: Asia Pacific Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Features, 2020-2035
Table 18: Asia Pacific Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material, 2020-2035
Table 19: Asia Pacific Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 20: Asia Pacific Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 21: Latin America Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Type, 2020-2035
Table 22: Latin America Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Features, 2020-2035
Table 23: Latin America Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material, 2020-2035
Table 24: Latin America Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 25: Latin America Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 26: Middle East & Africa Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Type, 2020-2035
Table 27: Middle East & Africa Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Features, 2020-2035
Table 28: Middle East & Africa Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Material, 2020-2035
Table 29: Middle East & Africa Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 30: Middle East & Africa Heated Foot Spa Bath Massager Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
