Global Dry Pollack Market Insights, Size, and Forecast By Distribution Channel (Online Retail, Supermarkets, Convenience Stores, Wholesale, Specialty Stores), By Application (Food Industry, Pet Food Products, Nutraceuticals, Aquaculture, Cosmetics), By End Use (Household, Commercial, Industrial), By Product Type (Whole Dry Pollack, Filleted Dry Pollack, Shredded Dry Pollack, Dried Pollack Skins), By Region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa), Key Companies, Competitive Analysis, Trends, and Projections for 2026-2035
Key Market Insights
Global Dry Pollack Market is projected to grow from USD 1.85 Billion in 2025 to USD 3.12 Billion by 2035, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 4.6% from 2026 through 2035. This market encompasses the production, distribution, and consumption of dried pollock, a versatile and protein rich seafood product. Key market drivers include the rising global demand for sustainable and nutritious protein sources, increasing awareness of pollock's health benefits such as omega 3 fatty acids, and the expanding applications of dry pollock in various culinary traditions, particularly in Asian cuisine. The growing popularity of convenient, ready to eat seafood products also contributes significantly to market expansion. Furthermore, technological advancements in drying and preservation techniques have improved product quality and extended shelf life, enhancing market attractiveness. Important trends include the increasing focus on value added dry pollock products, such as seasoned flakes and snack items, and the adoption of e-commerce platforms for wider distribution. The market is also witnessing a shift towards sustainable sourcing practices and certifications to meet growing consumer demand for environmentally friendly products.
Global Dry Pollack Market Value (USD Billion) Analysis, 2025-2035
2025 - 2035
www.makdatainsights.com
Despite robust growth, the market faces certain restraints. These include fluctuating pollock catch quotas influenced by environmental factors and regulatory bodies, which can impact supply stability and pricing. Additionally, the perception of dry pollock as a niche product in some Western markets and competition from other protein alternatives pose challenges. However, significant market opportunities lie in diversifying product offerings to appeal to a broader consumer base, investing in innovative packaging solutions to enhance shelf appeal, and expanding into untapped geographical regions, particularly those with a strong inclination towards seafood consumption. The Food Industry segment leads the market, leveraging dry pollock's versatility in traditional dishes, convenience meals, and snacks. This segment's dominance underscores the product's adaptability and widespread use in processed food applications.
Asia Pacific stands as the dominant region in the global dry pollock market, driven by deep rooted cultural preferences for pollock in countries like South Korea and Japan, where it is a staple ingredient in various dishes. The region's large population, coupled with increasing disposable incomes and a strong culinary tradition that values dry pollock, fuels its significant market share. Asia Pacific is also the fastest growing region, propelled by evolving consumer tastes, urbanization, and the expanding foodservice sector. Key players like High Liner Foods, Mowi ASA, The Fishin Company, and Trident Seafoods Corporation are strategically focusing on expanding their distribution networks, investing in research and development for new product formulations, and acquiring smaller regional players to consolidate their market presence. These companies are also prioritizing sustainable fishing practices and traceability initiatives to meet increasing consumer and regulatory demands, thereby strengthening their competitive edge in this dynamic market.
Quick Stats
Market Size (2025):
USD 1.85 BillionProjected Market Size (2035):
USD 3.12 BillionLeading Segment:
Food Industry (62.8% Share)Dominant Region (2025):
Asia Pacific (58.2% Share)CAGR (2026-2035):
4.6%
What is Dry Pollack?
Dry Pollack is a traditional Korean food made from dried pollock fish. The process involves salting the fish then hanging it in cold, dry winter air, often outdoors, for an extended period. This natural air drying concentrates its flavors and nutrients while giving it a distinct chewy texture. The drying process also preserves the fish, allowing it to be stored for long durations without refrigeration. It is a versatile ingredient, commonly rehydrated and used in soups like bukeo guk, stir fries, or roasted as a snack. Its rich umami flavor makes it a cherished culinary staple in Korean cuisine.
What are the Trends in Global Dry Pollack Market
Sustainable Sourcing Dominance
Plant Based Alternative Impact
ECommerce Expansion Growth
Premiumization Consumer Shift
Functional Food Innovation
Sustainable Sourcing Dominance
Sustainable sourcing is now paramount in the global dry Pollack market, driven by consumer demand for ethically produced seafood. This trend reflects a broader shift towards environmental stewardship and social responsibility across supply chains. Companies are increasingly investing in traceable fishing practices, ensuring their Pollack comes from certified sustainable fisheries. This includes adherence to catch limits, minimizing bycatch, and protecting marine ecosystems.
Buyers prioritize suppliers demonstrating strong commitments to sustainability, viewing it as a critical differentiator and risk mitigator. Transparency in sourcing, from ocean to table, is highly valued, building trust with consumers and regulatory bodies. The industry understands that long term viability hinges on resource preservation and responsible harvesting methods, making sustainable sourcing not just a marketing advantage but a fundamental business imperative.
Plant Based Alternative Impact
Plant based alternatives are increasingly influencing the Global Dry Pollack Market as consumer preferences shift towards sustainable and healthier food options. Growing awareness of environmental concerns associated with traditional fishing practices and a heightened focus on personal well being are driving this change. As plant derived protein sources become more sophisticated in taste and texture they directly compete with dry pollack’s traditional applications especially in processed food categories and ready meals. This trend encourages innovation within the plant based sector leading to more appealing and accessible alternatives that can mimic dry pollack's versatility and nutritional profile. The impact is a gradual yet persistent erosion of dry pollack’s market share as consumers explore these ethical and health conscious choices.
What are the Key Drivers Shaping the Global Dry Pollack Market
Increasing Demand for Protein-Rich and Convenient Food Options
Expanding Culinary Applications and Product Innovations
Rising Disposable Incomes and Changing Dietary Preferences
Growth in Aquaculture Production and Sustainable Sourcing Initiatives
Effective Marketing and Distribution Channel Expansion
Increasing Demand for Protein-Rich and Convenient Food Options
Consumers worldwide increasingly seek protein rich foods to support active lifestyles and health conscious diets. Dry Pollack, an excellent source of lean protein, perfectly meets this growing demand. Its natural umami flavor and versatility make it an appealing addition to various dishes. Moreover, the demand for convenient food options is on the rise due to busy schedules and smaller household sizes. Dry Pollack offers immense convenience, being shelf stable, easy to store, and quick to prepare. It can be easily rehydrated for soups, stir fries, or snacks, providing a nutritious and accessible protein source without lengthy preparation. This dual appeal of high protein content and convenience significantly fuels the global Dry Pollack market expansion.
Expanding Culinary Applications and Product Innovations
The driver Expanding Culinary Applications and Product Innovations highlights how the dry pollack market is broadening beyond traditional uses. Manufacturers are actively creating new forms of dry pollack products, such as seasoned snacks, ready to cook meals, and convenience items, catering to modern consumer preferences for convenience and diverse flavors. This innovation includes developing new marinades, smoking techniques, and processing methods to enhance taste profiles and extend shelf life. Furthermore, chefs and food innovators are incorporating dry pollack into novel dishes across various cuisines, moving it beyond traditional Korean and Russian applications into a wider array of global culinary practices. This expansion into new food categories and recipes stimulates demand and attracts a broader consumer base.
Rising Disposable Incomes and Changing Dietary Preferences
The increasing purchasing power of consumers worldwide significantly influences the global dry pollack market. As disposable incomes rise, people are able to afford a wider range of food products, including premium and specialty items like dry pollack. This financial uplift often coincides with evolving dietary preferences. Consumers are increasingly seeking out convenient, healthy, and diverse protein sources. Dry pollack, known for its long shelf life, nutritional value, and versatility in various cuisines, aligns well with these modern eating habits. Furthermore, a growing awareness of health benefits associated with seafood consumption further boosts its appeal. This combination of greater financial capacity and a shift towards healthier, more varied diets makes rising disposable incomes and changing dietary preferences a potent driver for the dry pollack market.
Global Dry Pollack Market Restraints
Geopolitical Tensions and Trade Barriers Impacting Supply Chains
Geopolitical tensions and trade barriers significantly disrupt the Global Dry Pollack Market. Escalating conflicts and protectionist policies lead to unpredictable import restrictions, tariffs, and retaliatory measures between nations. This creates substantial uncertainty for suppliers and buyers, making long term planning challenging. Supply chains reliant on international trade routes face increased transit times and higher shipping costs due to rerouting or border delays. Political instability in key fishing or processing regions can directly impair production and access to raw materials. Furthermore, non tariff barriers like stringent import regulations or sanitary phytosanitary measures can be weaponized, effectively blocking market access for dry pollack products. These disruptions elevate operational costs, reduce efficiency, and ultimately impact the availability and pricing of dry pollack globally.
Fluctuating Fuel and Processing Costs Affecting Profit Margins
The global dry pollock market faces a significant challenge from fluctuating fuel and processing costs. The industry heavily relies on consistent and affordable energy for fishing vessel operations, transportation, and particularly the energy intensive drying and processing stages. Any sharp increase in diesel prices or electricity tariffs directly translates into higher operational expenses for producers. Similarly, the costs of other processing inputs, such as packaging materials or specific additives, can also vary. These unpredictable and often upward movements in key input costs erode profit margins for companies across the supply chain, from fishermen to processors and distributors. This instability in the cost structure makes long term financial planning difficult and can deter investment in capacity expansion or technological improvements, ultimately hindering the market's overall profitability and growth potential.
Global Dry Pollack Market Opportunities
Premiumization of Dry Pollack: Capitalizing on Health & Convenience Trends for Value-Added Products
The global dry pollack market offers a prime premiumization opportunity, fueled by evolving consumer health and convenience trends, especially prominent in the Asia Pacific region. Repositioning dry pollack from a commodity to a premium, nutritious protein source aligns perfectly with increasing health consciousness. Its inherent benefits, like high protein and low fat, can be highlighted in value added products. Simultaneously, rising demand for convenience creates avenues for innovative, ready to eat or easy to prepare dry pollack snacks, seasoned strips, or meal components. These modern formats move beyond traditional dry or shredded pollack, providing consumers with both ease and nutritional value. By investing in advanced processing, attractive packaging, and creative product development, businesses can elevate dry pollack’s market perception. This strategy allows companies to command higher price points, attract a broader consumer base seeking wellness and convenience, and ultimately capture significant market share and profitability by meeting contemporary lifestyle demands.
New Market Entry: Positioning Dry Pollack as a Sustainable Protein for Pet Food & Functional Ingredients
The global dry pollack market presents a compelling new market entry opportunity by strategically positioning dry pollack as a sustainable protein. This capitalizes on growing consumer demand within the pet food and functional ingredients sectors. Dry pollack, naturally rich in high quality protein and derived from well managed fisheries, offers an ideal solution for manufacturers seeking eco-conscious and nutritious raw materials. With increasing global awareness of environmental impact, emphasizing pollack's sustainability credentials provides a powerful differentiator. This strategic move allows for market expansion into areas actively seeking healthy, responsibly sourced components. Targeting the burgeoning pet food industry, where owners increasingly prioritize natural and sustainable ingredients for their companions, offers substantial growth. Similarly, the functional ingredients sector, valuing clean label and beneficial proteins, provides another lucrative avenue. This distinct positioning elevates dry pollack beyond traditional uses, creating premium value and attracting discerning customers eager for innovative, planet friendly nutritional solutions.
Global Dry Pollack Market Segmentation Analysis
Key Market Segments
By Application
- •Food Industry
- •Pet Food Products
- •Nutraceuticals
- •Aquaculture
- •Cosmetics
By Distribution Channel
- •Online Retail
- •Supermarkets
- •Convenience Stores
- •Wholesale
- •Specialty Stores
By Product Type
- •Whole Dry Pollack
- •Filleted Dry Pollack
- •Shredded Dry Pollack
- •Dried Pollack Skins
By End Use
- •Household
- •Commercial
- •Industrial
Segment Share By Application
Share, By Application, 2025 (%)
- Food Industry
- Pet Food Products
- Nutraceuticals
- Aquaculture
- Cosmetics
www.makdatainsights.com
Why is the Food Industry dominating the Global Dry Pollack Market?
The Food Industry commands the largest share, primarily due to dry pollack's long standing culinary tradition and versatility across various global cuisines. Its high protein content and distinctive flavor make it a staple ingredient for a wide array of dishes, from traditional stews and soups to modern convenience foods. The demand spans both household and commercial end uses, driving consumption through supermarkets, wholesale, and online retail channels for whole, filleted, and shredded product types.
What product types are essential for meeting varied consumer demands in the dry pollack market?
A diverse range of product types caters to specific consumer needs and applications. Whole Dry Pollack remains popular for traditional preparations requiring extensive processing at home or in restaurants. Filleted Dry Pollack offers convenience, reducing preparation time for both food industry and household consumers. Shredded Dry Pollack is ideal for ready to eat snacks or seasoning, while Dried Pollack Skins find applications in both the food industry for unique textures and potentially in the pet food and cosmetics sectors.
How do diverse distribution channels facilitate market accessibility for dry pollack products?
The availability of dry pollack across multiple distribution channels is crucial for its widespread reach. Supermarkets and online retail are vital for direct consumer access, catering to household demand with packaged products. Wholesale channels are essential for supplying the food industry, commercial kitchens, and smaller retailers. Convenience stores offer grab and go options, while specialty stores cater to niche markets or specific ethnic food preferences, ensuring comprehensive market penetration for all end use segments.
What Regulatory and Policy Factors Shape the Global Dry Pollack Market
The global dry pollack market navigates a multifaceted regulatory and policy environment. International agreements and national fisheries management organizations primarily govern sustainable harvesting practices, including catch quotas and seasonal restrictions, vital for preserving pollack stocks. Stringent food safety standards, like HACCP principles and national agency mandates across importing countries, ensure product quality and consumer protection, influencing processing and distribution. Trade policies, encompassing import tariffs, customs regulations, and phytosanitary certificates, significantly impact market accessibility and operational costs for producers and exporters. Furthermore, policies addressing illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing are increasingly shaping supply chain transparency and traceability requirements. Voluntary sustainability certifications, such as MSC, while not strictly regulatory, strongly influence market demand and access, particularly in developed economies. Labeling regulations concerning origin, species, and nutritional information are also critical for market entry and consumer trust. These diverse frameworks collectively define operational parameters and market dynamics for dry pollack globally.
What New Technologies are Shaping Global Dry Pollack Market?
The global dry pollack market is experiencing significant expansion, fueled by technological advancements revolutionizing production and distribution. Innovations in automated drying processes, including vacuum and infrared technologies, are enhancing efficiency, ensuring consistent product quality, and extending shelf life without compromising flavor or nutritional integrity. Machine vision and AI driven sorting systems are optimizing quality control, minimizing waste, and improving overall yield.
Blockchain technology is emerging as a critical tool for end to end supply chain transparency, allowing consumers and businesses to verify the origin, catch methods, and processing history of dry pollack products, thereby bolstering consumer trust and supporting sustainable sourcing initiatives. Furthermore, developments in biodegradable and recyclable packaging solutions are addressing environmental concerns, aligning with a growing consumer preference for eco friendly products. Product diversification is also key, with new ready to eat snacks and functional ingredient applications broadening market appeal. These innovations collectively drive the market’s positive trajectory.
Global Dry Pollack Market Regional Analysis
Global Dry Pollack Market
Trends, by Region
Asia-Pacific Market
Revenue Share, 2025
www.makdatainsights.com
Dominant Region
Asia Pacific · 58.2% share
The Asia Pacific region firmly establishes itself as the dominant force within the global dry pollack market. Boasting an impressive 58.2% market share, it significantly outpaces all other geographical segments. This substantial lead is primarily driven by deeply ingrained culinary traditions and high per capita consumption in key countries throughout the region. Demand is consistently robust, fueled by preferences for dry pollack in various local cuisines and readily available distribution networks. The region's extensive fishing capabilities and processing infrastructure further solidify its market leadership, ensuring a steady supply to meet consumer needs. This combination of cultural significance, high demand, and strong production capabilities makes Asia Pacific the undisputed leader.
Fastest Growing Region
Asia Pacific · 9.2% CAGR
Asia Pacific emerges as the fastest growing region in the global dry Pollack market, projected to expand at a robust CAGR of 9.2% during the 2026 to 2035 forecast period. This significant growth is primarily fueled by rising disposable incomes and evolving dietary preferences across key Asian economies. Consumers are increasingly seeking convenient and nutritious protein sources, with dry Pollack fitting this demand perfectly due to its versatility and health benefits. Furthermore, strong traditional consumption patterns in countries like South Korea and Japan continue to underpin market stability, while increasing demand in emerging markets like China and Southeast Asia for processed seafood products is propelling the regional market forward. The expanding food service industry and the rise of e-commerce platforms also contribute to this accelerated growth trajectory.
Top Countries Overview
The U.S. plays a limited role in the global dry pollock market, largely as an importer, mainly from Russia. While domestic pollock is abundant, drying and processing for this specific market segment are minimal. Demand exists within certain immigrant communities and niche culinary markets, but doesn't drive significant U.S. production or export activity. The global market is dominated by specific Asian demand and traditional producers.
China is a major player in the global dry pollock market, primarily as a processor and re-exporter rather than a direct harvester. It imports raw pollock, mainly from Russia and the US, processes it into dried products, and then exports it to markets like South Korea and Japan. China's competitive processing capabilities and established trade networks make it a crucial hub in the dry pollock supply chain.
India's presence in the global dry pollock market is minor, primarily as an importer of processed products, not a major producer. Domestic consumption is limited, focusing on other fish. While some niche markets for dry fish exist, pollock isn't a significant part. Indian companies play a minimal role in the international trade or processing of this specific fish, representing a negligible global market share.
Impact of Geopolitical and Macroeconomic Factors
Geopolitical shifts significantly impact the global dry pollock market. Tensions in the North Pacific, particularly involving key fishing nations, could disrupt supply chains and increase transportation costs. Sanctions or trade barriers imposed by major consuming or producing blocs, influenced by broader political dynamics, could restrict access to vital markets or fishing grounds. Shifting alliances and security concerns might also divert resources or attention away from fisheries management, potentially affecting catch quotas or processing capabilities. Climate change policies and international agreements, driven by environmental geopolitics, could further reshape fishing regulations and access to pollock stocks.
Macroeconomic factors exert substantial influence. Inflationary pressures globally are raising input costs for fishing, processing, and transportation, impacting producers' profitability and potentially translating into higher consumer prices. Currency fluctuations, particularly of the US dollar, euro, and currencies of major producing nations like Russia and the US, directly affect export competitiveness and import affordability. Economic growth or recession in key consumer markets, such as Europe and Asia, dictates demand for dry pollock as a protein source. Rising energy prices also elevate operational expenses across the entire supply chain, contributing to market volatility.
Recent Developments
- March 2025
High Liner Foods announced a strategic partnership with Cold Water Seafood to expand their premium dry pollock product lines into new European markets. This collaboration aims to leverage Cold Water Seafood's distribution network and High Liner's brand recognition to capture a larger share of the value-added dry pollock segment.
- January 2025
Mowi ASA completed the acquisition of a significant stake in Scombrus, a leading processor of dry pollock for the Asian market. This move strengthens Mowi's position in the lucrative Asian dry pollock sector and provides access to Scombrus's established supply chains and customer base.
- November 2024
Thai Union Group launched an innovative line of convenience-oriented dry pollock snacks, targeting younger demographics and health-conscious consumers. These new products feature sustainable sourcing and unique flavor profiles, aiming to diversify the traditional dry pollock market.
- February 2025
Trident Seafoods Corporation unveiled a new sustainable fishing initiative specifically for Alaskan pollock, aiming for higher MSC certification levels across their entire dry pollock supply. This strategic initiative responds to growing consumer demand for ethically sourced seafood and reinforces their commitment to environmental stewardship.
- December 2024
The Fishin Company announced a joint venture with Groupe Perraud to develop new processing technologies for enhanced dry pollock texture and shelf life. This partnership seeks to innovate product quality and expand the versatility of dry pollock in various culinary applications.
Key Players Analysis
High Liner Foods, Mowi ASA, and Thai Union Group dominate the Global Dry Pollack Market with integrated supply chains, advanced processing technologies, and a focus on sustainable sourcing. These leaders drive market growth through product innovation, expanding into new retail channels, and strategic acquisitions like Trident Seafoods Corporation or Surimi Corporation, which enhance their processing capabilities for various pollack products. Smaller, specialized players like The Fishin Company or Groupe Perraud, often leverage niche markets and specific regional distribution. Cold Water Seafood and Scombrus focus on value added products and efficient logistics. The market is propelled by increasing consumer demand for convenient, healthy seafood options and the versatility of dry pollack in various cuisines.
List of Key Companies:
- High Liner Foods
- Mowi ASA
- The Fishin Company
- Surimi Corporation
- Thai Union Group
- Cold Water Seafood
- Groupe Perraud
- C. Scott & Sons
- Trident Seafoods Corporation
- Scombrus
- Daina Fish
- AFA Foods
- Catching Development
- Austevoll Seafood ASA
- Pacific Seafood
Report Scope and Segmentation
| Report Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Market Size (2025) | USD 1.85 Billion |
| Forecast Value (2035) | USD 3.12 Billion |
| CAGR (2026-2035) | 4.6% |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Historical Period | 2020-2025 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2035 |
| Segments Covered |
|
| Regional Analysis |
|
Table of Contents:
List of Figures
List of Tables
Table 1: Global Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 2: Global Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Distribution Channel, 2020-2035
Table 3: Global Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Product Type, 2020-2035
Table 4: Global Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 5: Global Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Region, 2020-2035
Table 6: North America Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 7: North America Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Distribution Channel, 2020-2035
Table 8: North America Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Product Type, 2020-2035
Table 9: North America Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 10: North America Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country, 2020-2035
Table 11: Europe Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 12: Europe Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Distribution Channel, 2020-2035
Table 13: Europe Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Product Type, 2020-2035
Table 14: Europe Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 15: Europe Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 16: Asia Pacific Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 17: Asia Pacific Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Distribution Channel, 2020-2035
Table 18: Asia Pacific Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Product Type, 2020-2035
Table 19: Asia Pacific Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 20: Asia Pacific Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 21: Latin America Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 22: Latin America Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Distribution Channel, 2020-2035
Table 23: Latin America Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Product Type, 2020-2035
Table 24: Latin America Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 25: Latin America Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035
Table 26: Middle East & Africa Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Application, 2020-2035
Table 27: Middle East & Africa Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Distribution Channel, 2020-2035
Table 28: Middle East & Africa Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Product Type, 2020-2035
Table 29: Middle East & Africa Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by End Use, 2020-2035
Table 30: Middle East & Africa Dry Pollack Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, by Country/ Sub-region, 2020-2035